Dynamics of Islamic development in Banjar land; study of Islamic manuscripts in South Kalimantan

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of the development of Islam in the Banjar region, which began in the late 14th century through trade. The main focus of the study lies in the theological transition from the initial phase of Islamization dominated by the influence of Wujudiyyah Sufism to the phase of strengthening sharia pioneered by Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari in the 18th century. Through a codicological approach to manuscripts, this study examines how religious literature became an instrument of socio-religious transformation for the Banjar Muslim community. Analysis of the "Negara" manuscript shows the strong influence of Nusantara scholars such as Hamzah Fansuri and Nuruddin ar-Raniri in South Kalimantan long before the 18th century. Meanwhile, the study of the Kanz al-Ma'rifah manuscript shows a systematic effort to harmonize Sufism with sharia through the teachings of Sunni Sufism. The results of the study conclude that the manuscript played a crucial role in da'wah in the Banjar Sultanate, transforming Islam from merely the official state religion to an integral cultural identity for the Banjar people.