Dynamics of Cultural Identity: A Comparison of Mataraman and Arekan Traditions in East Java

Abstract

Cultural diversity in East Java, particularly between the Mataraman and Arekan traditions, has rarely been examined through a comparative lens, even though both represent distinct constructions of cultural identity within the same region. This study aims to compare the cultural identities of Mataraman and Arekan traditions based on historical aspects, linguistic expressions, and social value systems. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review, using comparative-interpretative analysis, and is grounded in the cultural identity framework proposed by Stuart Hall and Clifford Geertz. The findings indicate that Mataraman culture, rooted in the influence of the Mataram Sultanate, tends to develop a refined, symbolic, and religious character, reflecting a hierarchical social structure. In contrast, Arekan culture, which evolved in coastal and urban areas, demonstrates a more open, egalitarian, and expressive character, reflecting more flexible social dynamics. These differences do not imply a cultural hierarchy but rather represent variations of identity shaped by distinct historical, geographical, and social processes. This study emphasizes that cultural identity is dynamic and continuously negotiated. Therefore, Mataraman and Arekan traditions should be understood as complementary cultural entities rather than as a dichotomy that divides society.