Proceedings of International Conference on Islamic Civilization and Humanities

Utilizing Islamic Historical Perspectives in Managing Global Uncertainty to Win The Future

Abd A'la — 2025-06-30

The contemporary world faces unprecedented global uncertainty manifested in economic instability, environmental degradation, technological disruption, and ideological conflict. This paper explores how Islamic historical experiences—particularly during the life of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)—can offer valuable insights for addressing these uncertainties. Drawing parallels between early Islamic crises and current global challenges, the article demonstrates how strategic decisions rooted in faith, collaboration, trust, and resilience enabled the Muslim community to thrive amidst adversity. Events such as the Prophet’s migration (Hijrah), the Battle of Uhud, and the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah exemplify the use of contextual, emotional, inspirational, and physical intelligence in navigating uncertainty. The paper argues that embracing uncertainty is essential, not as a passive condition, but as a call for ethical action, trust-based cooperation, and moral leadership. Moreover, Islam offers not only spiritual guidance but also a framework for environmental stewardship and social justice. By revisiting these foundational Islamic values, contemporary societies—especially Muslim communities—can build inclusive, peaceful, and sustainable futures. The paper concludes by asserting that Muslims, particularly in Indonesia, are well-positioned to lead global efforts in embracing uncertainty, cultivating resilience, and advancing universal well-being grounded in ethical and historical wisdom.

Utilizing the Quranic Corpus to Enhance Arabic Language Learning: Opportunities and Challenges

Kamal Yusuf — 2025-06-30

The Quranic Arabic Corpus is a rich linguistic resource, offering morphological, syntactic, and semantic analysis for every word in the Quran. Developed by the University of Leeds, this corpus facilitates an in-depth understanding of the sentence structure and vocabulary of classical Arabic. Utilizing this corpus in Arabic language learning can improve linguistic analysis skills, deepen grammatical understanding, and enrich appreciation of the beauty of the Quranic language. However, despite its great potential, the application of this corpus in Arabic language teaching is still limited. This study aims to explore the benefits of the Quranic Corpus in enhancing Arabic language teaching, as well as identify the challenges and opportunities this technology presents in Arabic language education in educational institutions.

Illocutionary Acts Analysis in Donald Trump’s 2024 Victory Speech

Krisna Weny — 2025-06-30

This study examined the speech acts of Donald Trump’s 2024 victory speech. The focus of speech acts studied by the researcher is illocutionary acts. The data was gathered by transcribing President-elect Donald Trump’s illocutionary acts from his victory speech into textual form. The data was analyzed qualitatively using John Rogers Searle’s theory of illocutionary acts, including declarations, directives, expressives, assertives, and commissives. The result of this study revealed that there were thirty-three utterances of illocutionary acts in Donald Trump’s 2024 victory speech. The most common acts were commissive, namely seventeen utterances, while directive acts were four of all illocutionary acts. Conversely, assertive acts were three utterances, and expressive acts were nine.

Social Resilience and Ecological Repercussions in Tere Liye’s Si Anak Pemberani

Natalia Desy Anggraeni — 2025-06-30

This study aims to identify and explain the forms of social resilience and ecological repercussions presented in the novel Si Anak Pemberani by Tere Liye. The research uses a qualitative approach. The novel is analyzed in depth to identify representations of community resilience and the ecological consequences depicted by the author. The study finds that social resilience in the novel is reflected through the main character’s personal courage and the community’s solidarity in facing external threats. The characters maintain moral integrity and a spirit of mutual cooperation despite pressure, indicating a high level of social toughness. On the other hand, ecological repercussions are portrayed through the negative impacts of greed on nature, such as threats to the sustainability of the land, rivers, and forests in the village due to resource exploitation. The novel clearly illustrates how environmental destruction can backfire on society, serving as a warning about the consequences of excessive exploitation of nature. Si Anak Pemberani successfully depicts the community’s social resilience in defending truth and environmental preservation, while also emphasizing the ecological consequences of exploitative actions. The novel conveys the message that strong social solidarity and environmental awareness are key to confronting both social and ecological threats.

The Basic and Relational Meaning of the Word Hadith in the Qur'an: A Semantic Study by Toshihiko Izutsu

Ahmad Syaikhu — 2025-06-30

This study explores the meaning of the word ḥadīṡ in the Qur'an using Toshihiko Izutsu’s semantic theory, which focuses on uncovering the meaning of words in the Qur'an through the analysis of basic and relational meanings. The word ḥadīṡ appears in the Qur'an 23 times, falling into four categories: ḥadīṡan, ḥadīṡin, al-ḥadīṡi, and ḥadīṡu. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method, and the data collection technique used is observation with note-taking as a follow-up technique.

The study finds that, based on relational meaning analysis in the syntagmatic dimension, the word ḥadīṡ in the Qur'an carries various meanings depending on its context. Furthermore, in the paradigmatic analysis, ḥadīṡ is found to be synonymous with the words qaul, khabar, kalām, qiṣṣaṣ, and naba’, and antonymous with the word qadīm.

The Discourse of Islam Nusantara in Indonesian Historiography (An Archaeology of Knowledge Approach)

Farida Novita Rahmah — 2025-06-30

The discourse of Islam Nusantara has emerged as a response to the growing Islamic conservatism and the rising influence of transnational Islam in the Reform Era. Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) promoted this concept as a strategy to preserve a religious expression that aligns with local culture and national values. This article aims to trace the development of the Islam Nusantara discourse using Michel Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge approach. This method not only examines the content of the discourse but also analyzes the historical and social conditions that made its emergence possible. The research was conducted using historical methods, including source collection, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. Various sources such as NU congress documents, digital archives, and academic literature served as the main materials for analysis. The findings reveal that Islam Nusantara is not merely a religious concept but also a site of ideological dialectics between the preservation of tradition, the demands of modernity, and the dynamics of power. This article invites readers to view the discourse of Islam Nusantara as a continuously evolving social construct rather than a fixed and final entity.

The Role of Linguistics in Fostering Cross-Cultural Awareness in an Era of Global Uncertainty: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Yosanthi Shintike Hutabarat — 2025-06-30

In the era of global uncertainty—marked by rapid social, political, and economic changes—there is an increasing demand for cross-cultural awareness as a means to strengthen relationships among individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. This study aims to examine the role of linguistics in fostering cultural awareness amid global uncertainty, focusing on the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach to understand the role of language as a tool to build awareness of cultural diversity and power dynamics in intercultural interactions. This research analyzes discourses present in various texts, including mass media, literary works, and everyday conversations, to identify how language practices can reinforce or challenge power relations between different cultural groups.

The analysis reveals that language significantly influences global perceptions of cultural differences and can shape societal attitudes, perspectives, and values toward cultural diversity. This study emphasizes the importance of developing linguistic awareness as an integral part of cross-cultural education. Furthermore, literature, as a form of discourse practice, not only reflects cultural values but also serves as an ideological tool that can influence readers and expand their perspectives on the world's diversity and complexity. These findings highlight the necessity of multicultural education in fostering inclusive dialogue and sensitivity toward cultural differences in an increasingly interconnected world.

Mawarung: A Cross-Cultural Communication Bridge in Preserving the Banjar Language

Muhammad Rafi — 2025-06-30

This study explores how the Mawarung culture serves as a cross-cultural communication bridge in preserving the Banjar language in South Kalimantan. Using observation methods and in-depth interviews with six informants from different ethnic groups, the research found that social interaction in warungs (small food stalls) facilitates language exchange and cultural understanding. The Banjar people, known for their friendliness and initiative, naturally help migrants understand nuances of the Banjar language, such as the differences between ulun and unda.

Originally dominated by the older generation, the Mawarung culture is now also adopted by younger people and migrants, making it a space for learning the diversity of Banjar Kuala and Banjar Hulu dialects. Warung owners also contribute by teaching Banjar vocabulary through the naming of food menu items. This phenomenon is evident in the growing number of non-Banjar newcomers who are now fluent in the Banjar language, affirming that Mawarung is not just a place to eat but also a space for preserving language and culture.

تناوب حروف الجر في القرآن الكريم: أنماطه ودلالاته

Nasaruddin — 2025-06-30

يُعدُّ التناوب في آيات القرآن الكريم ظاهرة لغويةً فريدة تضفي على النص جمالًا وثراءً في المعنى، وتمنحه دقةً وعمقا بلاغيا. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف أشكال التناوب وآثاره الدلالية، مع التركيز على كيفية استبدال بعض الأدوات أو الحروف دون المساس بالمعنى الأصلي، بل إن هذا الاستبدال قد يفضي إلى تعميق الدلالة وتوسيع أبعادها. تعتمد الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، من خلال تحليل آيات مختارة، ورصد الأفعال والتراكيب التي يشيع فيها التناوب، مع دراسة المواضع التي يستبدل فيها تعبير بآخر مع الحفاظ على الانسجام المعنوي. أظهرت النتائج أن العديد من الأفعال والتراكيب في القرآن الكريم تقترن بتناوب يمكن استبداله بتعبير آخر دون تغيير المعنى الأساسي، مما يعكس مرونة لغوية فائقة ويُضفي على النص القرآني عمقاً وجمالا في التعبير. ولا شك أن فهم هذه التبادلات يتطلب مراعاة دقيقة للسياق القرآني، إذ قد يبدو تبديل تعبير بآخر أمراً بسيطاً، لكنه في الواقع يؤدي إلى تحول دلالي عميق يُثري النص ويمنحه أبعاداً إضافية. تؤكد الدراسة على أهمية إدراك هذه التناوبات ضمن سيلقها لفهم أعمق للنص القرآني، وتسليط الضوء على إسهامها في إبراز البلاغة القرآنية، مما يعكس ثراء اللغة العربية وقدرتها على التعبير الدقيق والمتنوع بمعانٍ متعددة مع الحفاظ على انسجام النص وتماكسه.

Javanese-Islamic Syncretism in Islamic Legal Ethnography: Religious and Cultural Fluidity in Sesajian Traditions

Ayu Hudzaifah — 2025-06-30

As Muslims, local culture cannot be separated from the Islamic religion, which is adhered to by the majority of the Indonesian population, particularly on the island of Java. For Muslims on Java Island, not all local culture is under the teachings of the Islamic religion, which originates from the Holy Qur’an and Hadith. One of the local cultures strong in Javanese nuances is the cultural practice of offerings. Although offerings are considered heresy and idolatry in Islam, they are still carried out by residents of Rembu Lor village, Mojokerto Regency, East Java, which has the distinctive name “Cok Bakal”. In this research, the researchers focus on the form of syncretization existing in the “Cok Bakal” and Islam’s perspective on this cultural practice. The researchers employed an ethnographic approach, which began with participant observations, documentation, and interviews during ten months of field research. The research results show that during the “Cok Bakal” procession, the community also conducted Islamic teachings, such as istighosah, sholawat, and hajat prayers. In Islam, the practice of offerings is considered shirk. However, since the offerings practice of “Cok Bakal” has been passed down from generation to generation, a constructive dialogue and ongoing education may encourage the community to understand Islamic teachings better. In conclusion, in addressing the culture of offerings, it is essential to consider broader social and cultural aspects while still adhering to Islamic principles.

The Influence of Diary Writing Activities on Academic Writing Skills

Shahna Fairuz Ahlandyta Nafeesha — 2025-06-30

This study aims to identify the influence of diary writing habits on writing skills among university students. Diary writing as a routine activity has the potential to improve several aspects of writing skills, such as vocabulary development, sentence structure, critical thinking, and creativity. With the development of technology and an increasingly dynamic lifestyle, diary writing can be an effective alternative in improving writing skills outside the academic context. This study uses a qualitative analysis method by collecting data through in-depth interviews with 15 informants who have regular experience in writing diaries. The data obtained from these interviews were then analyzed to determine the impact of diary writing habits on their writing skills, both in terms of vocabulary mastery, sentence structure, as well as improving critical thinking skills and creativity. The results showed that the habit of writing a diary can enrich students' vocabulary, improve their ability to compose more structured and effective sentences, and develop critical thinking and creativity in writing. In addition, this study also showed that the frequency and intensity of diary writing play an important role in the development of writing skills. The more frequently and consistently students write diaries, the more visible the improvement in their academic writing skills. This research is expected to provide deeper insights into the benefits of diary writing as one of the effective learning methods in the development of writing skills.

The Psychological Representation of the Madurese People in the Poem "Ibu" by D. Zawawi Imron

Moh Faridi — 2025-06-30

The poem "Ibu" by D. Zawawi Imron serves as a bridge between the poet’s personal experience and the collective experience of the Madurese people. This study aims to analyze the psychological representation of the Madurese community within the poem, identify the embedded social values, and explain the relationship between the poem’s elements and contemporary social realities. The method employed is qualitative analysis using a hermeneutic and content analysis approach.

The findings reveal that the poem reflects key psychological characteristics of the Madurese people, such as religiosity, a strong work ethic, and deep respect for the mother figure. The conclusion indicates that although the Madurese community is undergoing social changes, the values portrayed in the poem remain relevant and enduring.

الخمرة الصوفية في قصيدة الشاعر الإندونيسي عبد الله بن نوح

Abdul Wahab Naf'an — 2025-06-30

يتناول هذا البحث بالدراسة والتحليل تجليات الخمرة الصوفية في قصيدة الشاعر الإندونيسي عبد الله بن نوح من منظور بلاغي، وذلك من خلال تحليل الصور البيانية كالاستعارة والتشبيه. تنبع أهمية هذا الموضوع من حضور الرمز الصوفي في الأدب الإسلامي، وقدرة الشعر العربي على التعبير عن التجربة الروحية بلغة رمزية تتجاوز المعنى الظاهري. يسعى البحث إلى تحقيق هدفين أساسيين: أولهما تحليل مظاهر الصورة البيانية للخمرة الصوفية، وثانيهما الكشف عن العلاقة العضوية بين المضامين الصوفية والتقنيات البلاغية المستخدمة في النص. اعتمدت الدراسة المنهج التحليلي للكشف عن بنية الخطاب الصوفي الشعري، من خلال تفكيك الصور واستقراء دلالاتها في ضوء التراث الصوفي. وقد توصلت النتائج إلى أن الشاعر عبد الله بن نوح استطاع أن يوظّف رمز الخمرة الصوفية لا كتعبير عن المتعة الحسية، بل كأداة للتعبير عن التجلي الروحي وحالات الذوق الصوفي، حيث تحوّلت الخمرة إلى رمزٍ للحب الإلهي والفناء في المحبوب. كما أظهرت الدراسة تميّز الشاعر في توظيف الرمزية الصوفية بأسلوب بلاغي يعكس تأثره العميق بالتراث العربي وقدرته على تطويعه داخل السياق الثقافي الإندونيسي. وتبرز أهمية البحث في كونه يقدم نموذجًا تطبيقيًا للتفاعل بين التراث الأدبي العربي والوجدان الإسلامي في جنوب شرق آسيا.

The Dimension of Sufism in Muhammadiyah: A study of KH. Ahmad Dahlan’s Thought

Achmad Zuhdi DH — 2025-06-30

This study delves into the role of Sufism in KH. Ahmad Dahlan’s thoughts and how it shaped the spiritual core of the Muhammadiyah movement. Although Muhammadiyah is widely recognized as a modernist Islamic reform movement focused on rational interpretation and purification of religious practice, it is often perceived to overlook spiritual traditions like Sufism. This research adopts a qualitative method with a historical-hermeneutic framework, analyzing primary sources including KH. Ahmad Dahlan’s biographies, early Muhammadiyah records, and testimonies from his disciples and contemporaries. Discourse analysis is also applied to uncover the manifestation of Sufi principles within Muhammadiyah's foundational activities such as education, preaching, and moral guidance. The study finds that KH. Ahmad Dahlan incorporated key Sunni Sufi values—especially soul purification (tazkiyatun nafs), sincerity, and ethical development—into the organization’s educational and social engagement. These insights confirm that Dahlan’s renewal (tajdid) initiative did not dismiss Sufism, but instead reformulated it within a moral and spiritual Islamic modernism.

Translation Analysis of Expressive Speech Representing Politeness Strategy in Interrogation Speech Events in the Novel A Murder Is Announced

Dede Irawan — 2025-06-30

Interrogation speech events are one of the series that occur during the process of collecting clues, information, evidence carried out between speakers in this case the investigator and several related parties such as witnesses, alleged perpetrators or suspects, and other associated parties to obtain information about a crime, the interrogation speech event can be found in several films, dramas, novel in the crime genre. The novel A Murder is Announced is a crime genre novel that talks about a murder case, to solve the case the main characters in this novel conduct investigations and or inquisitions in which in the process there are interrogation actions on related parties who are suspected of knowing and or being involved in the alleged murder incident. In carrying out the interrogation, the characters use illocutionary speech acts to solve the murder case in the novel. The interrogation actions include information excavation, fact-finding, clues, and emphasis. From the interrogation, actions, several expressive speech acts, and politeness strategies were used to respond to the investigators' questions. In the context of research on expressive speech translation, the use of translation techniques is analysed to determine whether there is a shift due to the impact of the use of translation techniques. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with the aim of this study being to describe the use of expressive speech, politeness strategy, and translation techniques.

Carnivalization as a Strategy for Deconstructing Dominant Discourse in Leila S. Chudori’s Short Story Collection Malam Terakhir

Aniqo Dhamar Asyuro — 2025-06-30

This article examines the strategy of carnivalization in the short story collection Malam Terakhir by Leila S. Chudori as a means of dismantling dominant discourses. The study employs Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of carnivalization within the Russian Formalism tradition, using a descriptive qualitative approach. The analysis focuses on carnivalistic elements that construct alternative meanings and challenge established ideologies. The findings reveal that the stories in Malam Terakhir utilize carnivalistic narrative techniques to deliver social critiques targeting power structures in the realms of history, religion, politics, gender stigma, and the family. Thus, these stories function not merely as entertainment, but also as critical discursive spaces that subvert dominant social orders in Indonesian society.

Al-Sihah Dictionary: Between Features and Constructive Criticism for its Study and Application in the Contemporary Era

Diyanah Hanin Sabiila — 2025-06-30

The development of the Arabic lexicon has increased because more people are studying the Arabic language. A lexicon or dictionary is essential in learning foreign languages to help people define new vocabulary and understand the meaning of certain words. Every dictionary written by an author is certainly not free from errors. This study aims to criticize the Arabic dictionary entitled as-shihah. The researcher analyzed it using the descriptive approach in analyzing the dictionary. The advantages of this dictionary include: First, it is concerned with including all the correct words of the Arabs and limited to them. Second, according to qaafiyah (rhyme), its method helps people compose poetry. Third, Al-Jawhari refers to some unknown, reprehensible, ugly, or abandoned words in the language. Fourth, he mentioned some Arabized and coined words. Fifth, there were many morphology, grammar, or central derivation issues. Among the negatives of the correct dictionary are The most critical errors of this dictionary are the misprints and distortions, Al-Jawhari's mistake in arranging the materials in an internal order, and he began the material with the name of the passive participle and not the beginning of the verb or the infinitive.

Local Wisdom Practices In Preserving Multiculturalism In The East Amanuban Community, South Middle East District Of Indonesia

Abdul Rahman Arsyad — 2025-06-30

Religious disagreements frequently lead to conflicts and divide in society. A minor portion of
the issues that arose in East Amanuban is the case of certain individuals rejecting Muslim
places of worship. The goal of this study is to make clear how local knowledge can be applied
to problem-solving. According to the research findings, when building Islamic halls of
worship, local wisdom can reconcile problems between Islam and Christianity. The first
reason that Christian groups opposed building Muslim halls of worship was because they
were suspicious of the Islamization efforts made by Muslim communities. Talk between
religious leaders, the government, and traditional wisdom practices is given priority in
conflict resolution. The term Oko Mama is used to symbolize unification. Because the king's
Amanuban Kingdom fairly divided its people to adopt Christianity and Catholicism in the
past and because intermarriage occurred during the spread of Islam, local wisdom is strong.
Their interaction with each other is the foundation for fostering harmony without
recognizing distinctions; for the locals, they are brothers who preserve the principles of
indigenous wisdom. Even when family members hold different ideas, the custom of local
knowledge placing a higher value on religion is a private matter that shouldn't be tampered
with. Because of this, the local knowledge of the East Amanuban community has preserved
multiculturalism in the face of information and technology disruption, which frequently
results in the disruption and even the fading of the values of variety in contemporary
society's social interactions.

Developing a Grammar-based ComparativeApproach to English Learning in Higher Education Using the ADDIE Model

Rachmat Efendi — 2025-06-30

This study seeks to develop English language learning materials through the ADDIE model, emphasizing a grammar-based comparative approach to strengthen students’ communicative competence. The primary objectives are to design effective instructional materials and explore the link between grammatical mastery and communication skills. The methodology employs the ADDIE framework to systematically design, implement, and assess materials aligned with students' learning needs. Findings indicate that incorporating grammatical understanding into language instruction significantly improves both spoken and written fluency. In contrast, limited grammar proficiency can lead to unclear and ineffective communication. The study concludes that grammatical competence plays a crucial role in achieving effective communication, positioning the ADDIE model as a practical and structured tool for material development. This research contributes to the enhancement of foreign language instruction in higher education by proposing an integrative model that connects grammatical and communicative competence. It is expected to particularly benefit students from non-language disciplines by enriching their English learning experience.

Desacralization of Myths and Beliefs of Malam Jumat Kliwon by Joni Iskandar

Dini Lian Andina — 2025-06-30

The result show that desacralization occurs when the meaning of values and symbols that were previously considered sacred changes, so that the younger generation gets a new, more relevant understanding. Joni Iskandar portrays the figure of the ghost in this song in a humorous and playful way, removing the fear that usually accompanies Malam Jumat Kliwon. The song manages to ease the tension that often arises in mystical contexts through lyrics that tell the relationship between humans and supernatural beings in a humorous way. The purpose of this research is to study the phenomenon of desacralization in Indonesia's local cultural traditions, especially those related to Malam Jumat Kliwon, by analyzing the lyrics of a song created by Joni Iskandar. For centuries, Thursday Night of Kliwon historically considered a sacred time with a mysterious aura, has been an important part of Javanese culture. However, the way people see the world this night has started to change along with modernization, urbanization, and the influence of global culture. A descriptive qualitative method is used in this research to study how sacred elements of culture can be desacralized and incorporated into popular culture through the observation of song lyrics.

Lughoh Science In the Modern Era: Arabic Language From Rules to Reality

Muh Arya Satya Hidayatullah — 2025-06-30

This is a study on linguistic development and how modern Arabic grammar influences the knowledge and application of the Arabic language. Arabic is one of the languages with a long history and a rich structure of rules. Arabic is used in various contexts due to technological advancements, globalization, and digital media. This discusses how Arabic has evolved from classical rules to modern usage, including the emergence of new words, the decline of grammatical structures, and the phenomenon of Arabic in everyday communication. Additionally, this paper emphasizes the challenges faced in maintaining the authenticity and integrity of the language, as well as the role of technology such as artificial intelligence and Google Translate in the translation and education of Arabic. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the aim of this paper is to gain a better understanding of the current dynamics of the Arabic language and the impact it has on learning and communication worldwide.

Phonetic Sound Alignment of Indonesian Betawi Dialect with Korean Hangeul Characters Representation

Abriel Thoriq — 2025-06-30

The successful adaptation of the Hangeul characters to the Cia – cia local language in Southeast Sulawesi is one clear example of how a foreign writing system can be used to phonetically document a local language. This case shows that Hangeul has the flexibility to represent the sounds of local languages that do not yet have their own script system. Similarly, the Betawi dialect of Indonesian, which has distinctive phonetic features, has yet to be documented with an appropriate writing system. This lack of documentation is a challenge in regional language preservation efforts. Based on this background, this study aims to examine the sound harmony of the Betawi dialect using the Korea Hangeul characters as an alternative writing system. This research uses articulatory phonetic theory with descriptive qualitative method. Data were collected through observation and documentation of the types of phonemes and clusters in the Betawi dialect. The analysis involved transcribing the data into the IPA to describe each sound in detail, followed by matching them with Hangeul Characters based on similarities in place and manner of articulation. The results show that most Betawi dialect sounds can be accurately, although some complex phonemes and consonant clusters require special representational approaches. This study concludes that Hangeul holds significant potential as an alternative writing system for the modern and sustainable preservation of the Betawi dialect.

Children in the Trap of Habitus: Power and Domination in Inem and Sunat by Pramoedya Ananta Toer

Jiphie Gilia Indriyani — 2025-06-30

This study analyses the short stories Inem and Sunat in the collection Cerita dari Blora by Pramoedya Ananta Toer using Pierre Bourdieu's theory. Both short stories represent social realism through the experiences of children trapped in oppressive social structures. Using the habitus approach, this research reveals how cultural values and social norms shape the life experiences of the main characters in both stories. Analysis of social, economic and cultural capital shows that the children in these short stories have limited access to freedom and social mobility. In Inem, the female protagonist is a victim of the patriarchal system and early marriage, while in Circumcision, the boy character experiences social pressure in undergoing cultural rituals that he does not fully understand. This research shows that social inequality in society is reproduced through a value system that is passed down through generations, limiting children's roles and life choices. Using Bourdieu's perspective, this research provides new insights into the position of children in social realism literature and how the social system shapes their experiences.

Potential Benefits of Artificial Intelligence-Based Instruction Implementation in English Academic Writing Course: A Case Study at an Indonesian Private University

Muhammad Astrianto Setiadi — 2025-06-30

This study describes the potential benefits of implementing AI-based instruction in an English academic writing course by revealing the views from the lecturers' perspective. This research uses a qualitative descriptive case study to investigate the phenomenon of using AI in higher education in the Indonesian context. During data collection, interviews were conducted to gather lecturers' perspectives on the use of artificial intelligence in English academic writing courses. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Based on the findings, there are five benefits of implementing artificial intelligence in English academic writing courses. The results showed that the lecturers showed a positive perception towards the use of this platform. Integrating artificial intelligence provides prospects for personalized learning and feedback, increased efficiency and productivity of lecturers, improved quality of teaching and learning, innovation in teaching methods, and preparation of students for the digital era.

Psycho-sociolinguistic Analysis in Arabic Linguistics: A Theoritical Study

Zidan As'ad — 2025-06-30

This study aims to analyze the role of psycho-sociolinguistics in the Arabic language through a literature review. Psycho-sociolinguistics is one of the branches of linguistics that focuses on the relationship between language and the psychology and sociology of native speakers of a language. This study uses a qualitative approach by analyzing data from various relevant literary sources. The results of the study show that psycho-sociolinguistics helps to understand the role of psychological and social factors in the process of using the Arabic language. This study also emphasizes the importance of understanding the differences between dialects, grammar, and social context in communication. The results of this study are used as a basis for the development of more effective communication strategies in language education.

Politics of Dynasty in the Perspective of Islam

Agus Aditoni — 2025-06-30

Dynastic politics refers to a system of governance in which power is passed down through hereditary succession within a particular family or lineage. This phenomenon has occurred throughout the history of Islamic governance. This article aims to analyze dynastic politics from an Islamic perspective, both theologically and ethically, focusing on how this system is either accepted or opposed by Islamic teachings that emphasize the principles of justice, trustworthiness (amanah), and competence in the selection of leaders. The central question raised in this article is whether dynastic politics aligns with Islamic teachings, given Islam’s core principles in leadership selection, which prioritize capability, justice, and integrity.

The data for this study were obtained through a literature review of classical and contemporary texts, including the Qur’an, hadiths, and works of Islamic scholars and political thinkers. The analysis uses a qualitative approach to explore theological and ethical arguments related to dynastic politics and compares them with the principles of leadership in Islam.

The findings of this study indicate that although Islam does not explicitly prohibit dynastic politics, there are strong theological and ethical arguments asserting that leaders should be chosen based on competence and integrity, rather than lineage alone. As a concept, the article suggests that while dynastic systems have historical roots in Islamic political history, they should be critically re-evaluated in the modern context to align with the Islamic principles of social justice, community participation, and governmental accountability.

From the Seclusion Room to the Space of Revolution: The Intonation of Sisterhood and Women’s Resistance in the Film Kartini

Airin Ina Aprilia — 2025-06-30

This article analyzes gender injustice experienced by female characters in Kartini, a film directed by Hanung Bramantyo, focusing on R.A. Kartini, R.A. Roekmini, and R.A. Kardinah. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, grounded in paralinguistic theory (particularly aspects of intonation and vocal expression) and feminist literary criticism. It aims to reveal how intonation in the characters’ dialogues reflects sisterhood and resistance against the patriarchal system. The findings show that phonological expressions such as intonation, pitch, vocal stress, as well as crying and laughter serve as emotional communication tools and symbolic strategies of resistance to gender domination. The seclusion room (pingitan) in the film is not portrayed as a space of isolation, but rather as a place where solidarity grows and strategies for women's struggle against structural injustice are forged.

Investigating the Phenomenon of Directed Motivational Current (DMC) in EFL Learners: A Case Study on How DMC Works for ESP Learners

Aswin Abbas — 2025-06-30

Directed Motivational Current (DMC), or DMCs, is a new theory in the field of applied linguistics introduced by Dornyei and his colleagues (2015). Although research on DMC in second language acquisition (L2) has advanced recently, systematic analysis of EFL learners remains insufficient. In this context, through an activity-theoretic lens and the novelty of this theory, this study examined how EFL learners experience the key aspects of DMC. The three students identified as having DMC took part in this research. Data were gathered through observations and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that when EFL learners experience DMC, they engage with all the core elements of DMC, including goals and vision, triggering factors, salient facilitative structures, and positivity emotionality. Further, personalized learning experiences, supportive learning environments, and ongoing self-reflection were crucial for maintaining motivation and achieving language proficiency. Students who actively monitor their progress, celebrate their achievements, and manage their time and resources effectively demonstrate a greater capacity for sustained engagement and successful language acquisition. These results emphasise that while everyone is motivated, not all experience DMC. EFL learners illustrate this, indicating a crucial opportunity to develop and explore how DMC affects English learning.

Stylistics of Lexical and Grammatical Meaning in the Poem "Al-I’tiraf"

Ermi Anisa Ramadani — 2025-06-30

Stylistics, or language style, is a method used by writers to convey ideas in accordance with their intended purpose and the impact they wish to achieve. In literary creation, these effects serve to deepen meaning, illustrate objects and events with imagination, and evoke specific emotional responses in the reader. The tools used to convey such ideas and effects are not limited to linguistic symbols but also include various semiotic systems capable of expressing ideas with a range of potential aesthetic impacts.

Poetry, or shi'ir, is considered a beautiful literary form due to the author's choice of diction. Shi'ir has existed since Roman and Arab civilizations, and Arabic poetry remains a vibrant oral tradition today. One influential Arabic literary work in Indonesia is the poetry of Abu Nuwas, especially his poem "Al-I’tiraf". This poem is believed to be a collection of verses written by Abu Nuwas before his death.

The aim of this study is to apply lexical and grammatical meaning analysis to the diction used in Abu Nuwas’ poem Al-I’tiraf, as well as to identify the classification of words with lexical and grammatical meanings. The study also seeks to examine and analyze the stylistic aspects of lexical and grammatical meanings within the poem. A descriptive and qualitative approach is used, collecting data through repeated reading, note-taking, and data categorization. The theoretical framework employed is based on lexical and grammatical semantics. This poem was chosen due to its popularity in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), where it holds profound meaning for its readers. However, questions remain as to whether the poem was truly authored by Abu Nuwas. Therefore, a deeper investigation into the language style and semantic analysis—both lexical and grammatical—of this poem is necessary.

Carok Tradition to Defend Self-Esteem from an Islamic Legal Perspective

Najmuz Zuhhad Mamduh — 2025-06-30

In Madura, there is a tradition of carok as a defense of self-esteem, especially related to defending one's honor, self-esteem, or family. However, these actions resulted in injuries or deaths. This research aims to analyze the Carok tradition in Madura from the perspective of Islamic law. This research is qualitative and explores the carok phenomenon in Madura. The data came from the literature and previous research. The data is analyzed deductively. This study concludes that carok has strong roots in the cultural structure and social norms of Madurese society, and is often driven by feelings of shame due to insults to honor. However, from the perspective of Islamic law, carok is contrary to Islamic teachings because it does not follow legal procedures, endangers lives, and can trigger a continuous cycle of violence. Islam encourages conflict resolution through legal channels and mediation, not by violence. Recommendations include the need for a holistic approach involving the government, the community, and the clergy to address the problem of violence and criminality related to carok. Education and awareness of Islamic law also need to be improved to prevent harmful carok practices.

The Longed-For Voice: A Paralinguistic Suprasegmental Study of the Female Character in the Series Gadis Kretek

Anisa Asih Rahmawati — 2025-06-30

Gadis Kretek (Cigarette Girl) series, adapted from Ratih Kumala’s novel, reconstructs the dynamics of the kretek (clove cigarette) industry in the 1960s while presenting a complex representation of women within a patriarchal social structure. This study aims to analyze suprasegmental paralinguistic features in the speech of female characters to uncover practices of resistance against masculine dominance. The analysis combines a suprasegmental paralinguistic approach focusing on intonation, stress, and pauses with feminist literary criticism as the conceptual framework for interpreting female voice as a form of symbolic resistance. Data were collected through documentation and transcription of the series’ dialogues, with a focus on utterances reflecting specific ideological intentions. The findings indicate that prosodic elements do not merely convey emotion but also reflect the social position and agency of women within the narrative. The character Dasiyah emerges as a representation of a woman who challenges patriarchal structures through vocal articulation that is strong, stable, and emphatically delivered. This study demonstrates that paralinguistic features can serve as a critical medium for interpreting gender discourse in audiovisual texts.

Lecturers’ Perception on Flipped Classroom

Muhaiminah Akib — 2025-06-30

This study explores how English teachers perceive the flipped classroom method. This research utilizes an interpretive qualitative case study approach, involving five main participants from the English Education Department. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the lecturers' perceptions of the flipped classroom, focusing on its advantages and challenges. The findings of this study show that two perception patterns emerged from the data: the benefits and challenges of the flipped classroom. The benefit of flipped classroom are optimized classroom dynamics, better retention of knowledge, and enhanced use of technology. In addition, the challenges of flipped classroom are time-consuming preparation, technological barriers, unequal student participation. The implication of this study that the flipped classroom model contributes significantly to the development of more interactive and technology-based teaching methods. Further research is needed to explore ways to address implementation challenges and its impact on learning outcomes across different contexts and disciplines.

Balaghah Rhetoric in the Sermon of Hani' bin al-Qabishah: A Study of Arabic Stylistics

Mochamad Iqbal Aqil Abrory — 2025-06-30

Khutbah is a form of literary work that has existed since the Jahiliyyah (pre-Islamic) era. Its presence is the result of the orator's creative process in selecting words, formulating ideas, and delivering language both explicitly and implicitly. During the Jahiliyyah period, khutbahs often reflected the circumstances and conditions of ancient Arab society, specifically the pre-Islamic Arab community. At that time, the khutbahs delivered conveyed ideologies, hopes, and advice intended to influence and express the orator’s intentions. One such khutbah was delivered by Hani’ bin Al-Qabishah to his tribe, the Banu Bakr. The khutbah contains deeply meaningful words calling for the tribe to rise up and fight against the Persian army.

This study uses a descriptive qualitative method with an Arabic stylistic approach that focuses on linguistic aspects, including rhetorical appropriateness and the beauty of meaning. The researcher aims to uncover the aesthetic value of the meanings and words systematically arranged in accordance with linguistic principles. A deep understanding of literary works cannot be separated from the context in which the events occurred, including historical, sociocultural, and biographical aspects of the orator. This beauty is further emphasized by the fact that it would be nearly impossible for people today to compose literary works with such profound and admirable meaning as in the Jahiliyyah era, a time before the emergence of linguistic sciences.

The Reconstruction of Indonesian Education Through Ki Hajar Dewantara’s Concept of Reasoning of the Liberated Human

Raja Maulana Syahid Munawar — 2025-06-30

The Indonesian education system faces a crisis rooted in the loss of a philosophical direction that should liberate student thinking. This paper examines Ki Hajar Dewantara's concept of Nalar Manusia Merdeka (Reasoning of the Liberated Human) as a transformative epistemological foundation for reconstructing Indonesian education. Employing a qualitative approach with library research and content analysis of Dewantara's writings, particularly Menuju Manusia Merdeka, this study explores its historical and conceptual dimensions. The findings indicate that Dewantara's epistemology signifies a paradigmatic shift from colonial education, promoting a framework that integrates empirical observation, rational thinking, and local cultural consciousness. His Tripusat Pendidikan (Three Centers of Education: family, school, community) presents a holistic solution to educational fragmentation. Furthermore, Dewantara's concept of freedom extends beyond political liberation to encompass intellectual and cultural emancipation, fostering autonomous yet socially responsible individuals. This research concludes that Nalar Manusia Merdeka offers an essential philosophical basis for developing an Indonesian education system that is liberating, culturally authentic, and globally competitive.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Class and Power in A Cup of Tea and The Necklace: An Intertextual Approach

Nur Azizah Hitakumala — 2025-06-30

This study analyzes the representation of class and power in two short stories, A Cup of Tea and The Necklace, using the theory of Critical Discourse Analysis by Norman Fairclough and the intertextuality approach by Julia Kristeva. The main objective of this study is to reveal how the concepts of class and power are represented through the main characters in both stories and how the intertextual relationship between the two reflects broader social dynamics. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with in-depth reading techniques to collect relevant quotations. The results show that there are differences in the representation of class and power between the two main characters. Rosemary in A Cup of Tea represents the hegemony of the upper class through her wealth and social control, while Mathilde in The Necklace reflects the ambition and social pressure experienced by the lower middle class in meeting social demands influenced by capitalism. In addition, the intertextual analysis reveals that both stories are related in criticizing the social pressures that arise from capitalism, especially those experienced by women. Both highlight how social expectations shape the desires and behavior of the main characters and depict the impact of the class system on individuals, especially women, in a patriarchal society.

Environmental Crisis in the Drama Script “Bumi Sudah Tua” by Ajeng Illa: A Literary Ecology Study

Tiara Shafira Dewi — 2025-06-30

This article aims to analyze the drama script “Bumi Sudah Tua” through the lens of literary ecology using a descriptive qualitative method. The research focuses on the portrayal of the relationship between humans and nature, and how this relationship is represented in the drama text. The background of this study stems from increasingly urgent environmental issues that demand deep reflection through artistic works, including drama.

The main objective of this analysis is to identify and interpret ecological elements in the script, as well as to uncover the moral messages and social critiques it contains. The method used is descriptive qualitative, applying the principles of literary ecology. The data analyzed includes character dialogues, narrative passages, and setting descriptions relevant to ecological issues.

The theory of literary ecology is used as the analytical framework to understand how the script represents the interaction between humans and the environment, and how ecological values (or the absence thereof) are reflected in character behavior and the storyline. The analysis process involves identifying ecological elements, interpreting symbolic meanings, and synthesizing findings to formulate conclusions.

The results of the study show that the script “Bumi Sudah Tua” effectively depicts environmental degradation as a consequence of human greed and apathy.

The Dynamics of Adaptation, Resistance, and Linguistic Identity Shifts Among Muslim Communities in the Context of Social Media

Aliya Qatrunnada — 2025-06-30

This study investigates the dynamic interaction between the Arabic language, digital platforms, and the evolution of linguistic identity within Muslim communities. Using a digital sociolinguistic approach and analyzing social media content, the study examines how Arabic—as both a sacred language and a cultural symbol—adapts to technological advancement. The findings reveal a dual process: adaptation and resistance.

On one hand, adaptation is reflected in creative linguistic innovations such as Arabizi (a combination of Latin script with Arabic phonetics) and digitally optimized Arabic calligraphy, which facilitate communication in multilingual online spaces. These practices represent a pragmatic response to globalized digital interaction while maintaining cultural relevance.

On the other hand, resistance emerges through grassroots efforts to preserve classical Arabic script, especially among religious and educational communities who regard linguistic purity as an integral part of Islamic heritage. This tension illustrates an ongoing negotiation between tradition and modernity.

The study highlights the role of language as a mediator of culture and innovation in the digital age. Digital communication becomes a contested space where language choices reflect struggles over authenticity, identity, and globalization—while also showcasing the resilience of religious linguistic practices amid technological disruption.

Umar bin Abdul Aziz: A Portrait of a Just Leader and Its Relevance for Today’s Leadership

Aisyah Fadhila Rahmi — 2025-06-30

This study aims to examine the exemplary qualities found in the figure of a caliph from the Umayyad Dynasty, namely Umar bin Abdul Aziz (99–101 AH / 717–720 CE). Umar bin Abdul Aziz is renowned for his justice, simplicity, and commitment to noble Islamic values. The research focuses on his life background, the process of his appointment as caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty, the policies implemented during his reign, and the relevance of his thoughts in the modern era.

The method used in this study is library research, drawing from journals, scholarly articles, and relevant books. The findings of this study will highlight Umar’s background as a knowledgeable and wise figure, his appointment as caliph directly by Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, and his implementation of major reforms, such as eliminating illegitimate taxes, fair redistribution of wealth, and the enforcement of equal justice. His leadership approach is shown to be highly relevant for contemporary leaders, particularly concerning modern issues such as anti-corruption and social justice.

A Teaching English Through Literature-Based Instruction: A Holistic Approach to Language and Literary Skills

Sabrina Retnasari Iswahyudi — 2025-06-30

The connection between language learning and literary study has grown stronger over time (Novianti, 2016). Consequently, incorporating literature into classroom practices is encouraged as a way to blend both elements, offering more dynamic and meaningful educational experiences. Literature-based instruction has emerged as a valuable method in language education, making use of suitable literary texts to aid students in learning English. This study aims to explore how the integration of language and literature is applied in English teaching through literature-oriented techniques within an EFL learning environment. Conducted as a qualitative case study, the research took place at Junior High School located in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The data collection involved interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Following Miles and Huberman’s model, the data were processed through reduction, display, and conclusion. The findings demonstrate that literature-based instruction is highly relevant and should be further developed for teaching English to EFL learners. This instructional model supports various classroom activities that are in line with educational objectives, such as: (1) reading activities using literary works, (2) speaking practices inspired by literature, (3) listening exercises involving literary material, and (4) writing assignments based on literary themes. In essence, literature-based instruction validates that language and literature can be taught as a unified subject, fostering students’ growth in both linguistic and literary skills.

Analysis of the Short Story Ibnu Hara by Naguib Mahfouz: A Study in the Sociology of Literature

Ahmad Maula Ubaidillah — 2025-06-30

The aim of this research is to identify the social phenomena in the short story Ibnu Hara by Najib Mahfuz based on the perspective of literary sociology. Najib Mahfuz is one of the most prominent modern Egyptian writers who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1988. Ibnu Hara is one of several short stories included in the anthology Hamasa An-Nujum, which was published a few years after Mahfuz's death. Mahfuz’s short stories often revolve around life in al-hara—the traditional neighborhood—which is depicted as religious yet still deeply rooted in ancient traditions and mystical beliefs. This study uses a qualitative-descriptive method with a literature review approach. From this research, it can be concluded that Ibnu Hara reflects the social, cultural, and religious conditions of Egyptian society during Najib Mahfuz’s lifetime.

The development of Nahwu Science in the Development of Modern Linguistics

M. Ahsanul Hasani — 2025-06-30

Nahwu science, as a branch of Arabic language that studies sentence structure and the relationship between its elements, has a significant influence on the development of modern linguistics. This study aims to analyze the contribution of Nahwu science to the development of current linguistic theory and practice. Basic concepts in Nahwu, such as i'rab (case markers), sentence types, and sentence structures, can provide insight into understanding the grammar and syntax of various languages. In addition, Nahwu science also plays a role in the formation of generative grammar theory and structural analysis of language, which provide a foundation for comparative linguistic studies. Understanding the principles of Nahwu also contributes to the translation and interpretation of classical and modern texts, and helps in deeper analysis of meaning in semantic studies.

This study uses a content analysis method with a qualitative descriptive approach, reviewing various sources such as journals, articles, websites, and books that discuss the relationship between Nahwu and modern linguistics. The analysis is carried out by examining the main concepts in Nahwu and comparing them with modern linguistic theory. The results of the study are expected to enrich the understanding of the relationship between the science of Nahwu and contemporary linguistic theory, as well as provide significant contributions to the development of Arabic and other language studies in a global context. Thus, this study confirms that the science of Nahwu is not only relevant in traditional Arabic studies, but also has a major impact on the development of modern linguistics in general.

Genealogy of Islamic Education in Indonesia: Transformation, Innovation, and Challenges

Achmad Sholakhuddin Al Af Ghoni — 2025-06-30

Islamic education in Indonesia has a long-standing history that continues to evolve in response to the dynamics of the times—from mosque- and pesantren-based models to modern formal education systems. These changes are influenced by technological advancements, globalization, and social demands. This study aims to explore the development of the genealogy of Islamic education in the modern era by highlighting its transformations, innovations, and the challenges it faces. The research is conducted through a literature review using historical and analytical approaches.

The findings show that Islamic education has undergone significant transformations, such as the digitalization of learning, the integration of competency-based curricula, and the adoption of innovative teaching methods. However, challenges such as unequal access to education, disparities in the use of technology, and efforts to uphold Islamic values remain key concerns. Therefore, a comprehensive strategy is needed to maintain a balance between Islamic traditions and the demands of the digital age, ensuring that Islamic education remains relevant, adaptive, and capable of producing globally competitive generations without losing their Islamic identity.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Vegan Diet on Detik.com Online Media

Salsabila As Shofi — 2025-06-30

This study examines the discourse on vegan diets based on articles from Detik.com, utilizing Fairclough's Three-Dimensional Framework. The analysis focuses on ten data points that illustrate individual experiences and the role of media in shaping narratives around dietary practices. The texts emphasize personal experiences, such as Bella, Victoria Ferraz, and Robert Downey Junior transitioning from vegan to carnivore diets due to health concerns, including nutritional deficiencies, skin problems, and low energy levels. Conversely, Cantika Abigail highlights the positive impact of a vegan diet on her autoimmune condition. Media leverages these experiences to frame veganism as a modern and healthy lifestyle while accommodating resistance through narratives of transitioning to animal-based diets. The discursive practices reveal that media serves not only as an intermediary of information but also as a trendsetter, shaping public perceptions through selective storytelling. The social practices identified in this analysis highlight the complexity of dietary choices, influenced by individual health needs, societal demands for sustainability, and ethical consumption issues. This pattern underscores how diet is not merely a personal decision but part of a broader social discourse, where media acts as a central agent in shaping public views on health and lifestyle.

Kalero Oral Art in Dompu NTB in Linguistic and Literary Perspective: A Study of Structure and Meaning

Irwansyah Irwansyah — 2025-06-30

Kalero oral art is one form of cultural expression that has developed in the Dompu community, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB). This oral art contains literary, linguistic, and cultural values that are the identity of the region. This article aims to analyze Kalero oral art from a linguistic and literary perspective, focusing on the structure and meaning contained therein. The approach used in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis, with data collection methods through observation and interviews with Kalero oral art practitioners in Dompu. The results of the study show that Kalero oral art has a distinctive structure, consisting of elements such as intonation, word choice, and rhythm in its delivery. In terms of meaning, this oral art not only contains moral and social messages, but also reflects the outlook on life of the Dompu community. This research is expected to contribute to the development of linguistic and literary studies in NTB and enrich understanding of the richness of oral culture in Indonesia.

The Diction of Punishment and Rhetorical Effects in Surah Al-Lahab: A Stylistic Study

Salman Al Farisi — 2025-06-30

Surah Al-Lahab is one of the chapters in the Qur’an that delivers a strong message about punishment, conveyed through direct language and powerful rhetorical style. This article specifically discusses how diction choices and rhetorical effects related to the theme of punishment are used in the surah. The study employs a qualitative method with a stylistic approach to describe the linguistic features that intensify the threat conveyed in the verses of Surah Al-Lahab. The focus of the analysis is on the use of curse-laden diction and stylistic devices such as metaphor, repetition, and deep visual symbolism. The results show that the diction of punishment in this surah not only creates an emotional atmosphere but also clearly defines the ideological stance toward the cursed figure. Thus, the stylistic strength of this surah functions not only as an aesthetic element but also as an effective and impactful medium for conveying the message of Islamic preaching (da’wah).

The Evolution of Islamic Political and Intellectual Centers: From Baghdad to Istanbul

Muzaiyana Muzaiyana — 2025-06-30

This article critically revisits the historical trajectory of the political and intellectual centers of Islamic civilization during the Medieval period, with a particular focus on the transition from Baghdad’s intellectual preeminence to Istanbul’s emergence as the center of political power. It aims to explore how Islamic political structures and scholarly traditions transformed and adapted in response to the sociopolitical and geographical dynamics between the 8th and 13th centuries CE.

Using a historical-qualitative method through library research, the study reveals that under the leadership of Caliphs Harun al-Rashid and al-Ma’mun, Baghdad thrived as a global center of knowledge through the establishment of the Bayt al-Hikmah (House of Wisdom). Extensive efforts to translate Greek philosophical and scientific texts greatly advanced intellectual development in areas such as philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and biology.

However, the Mongol invasion in 1258 CE brought about the collapse of Abbasid authority and a decentralization of power, paving the way for Istanbul to rise as the new center of Islamic political and cultural life under the Ottomans. This historical shift underscores that the preservation and evolution of intellectual traditions—alongside adaptability to historical change—were just as vital as military strength in shaping the trajectory of Islamic civilization.

Bilingualism: The Interaction of Neurobiological, Social, and Educational Factors in Second Language Acquisition (SLA)

Aprinalistria Aprinalistria — 2025-06-30

Second Language Acquisition (SLA) is a complex and multidimensional field of study, involving factors such as age, environment, motivation, and social context. This study aims to review recent developments in SLA theory and practice, with a focus on variability, plasticity, and the influence of age in second language acquisition and bilingualism. The review also explores the social dimensions and multilingual processes within transnational contexts.

The methodology follows PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in academic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "second language acquisition," "bilingualism," "age of acquisition," and "multilingual socialization." Articles published between 2018 and 2023 were selected based on relevance and quality. The selection process involved identification, screening, and quality assessment of studies that met the inclusion criteria. Relevant data were extracted and analyzed thematically.

Results indicate that age plays a crucial role in modulating plasticity and variability in SLA, with critical periods influencing second language proficiency. Factors such as motivation, self-confidence, and social environment also significantly contribute to successful second language learning. Additionally, recent research emphasizes the importance of social and multilingual dimensions in global contexts, including translanguaging practices and intercomprehension. This review also identifies challenges and inequalities faced by language learners from minority backgrounds.

These findings highlight the need for a more holistic and inclusive approach to SLA research and teaching, considering sociopolitical contexts and multilingual identities. Practical implications include the development of more flexible curricula and teaching methods that support language learning in diverse environments. Further research is needed to explore the interaction between neurobiological, cognitive, and social factors in SLA.

Analysis of Character Dynamics and Educational Values in the 2025 Animated Film Jumbo

Zuniar Nadhiva Anggraini — 2025-06-30

Animated films are often considered a risk-free form of entertainment for children. However, not all animated films provide entirely child-friendly content. The film Jumbo (2025) is an example of animation that includes elements of bullying and verbal abuse, which has sparked various public reactions. This study aims to analyze the film’s psychological impact on children by using a literary psychology approach based on Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, particularly the concepts of the id, ego, and superego.

The method used in this research is library research and descriptive analysis of crucial moments in the film, along with public responses on social media platforms. The findings indicate that while the film conveys positive messages such as courage and empathy, the depiction of violence without adult guidance may affect children's moral development, reinforcing the dominance of the id and weakening the control of the superego. Public responses on social media vary, suggesting that cultural and social contexts contribute significantly to how violence in media is perceived.

Therefore, it is essential for parents to be actively involved when their children watch such films. Further research is also needed to explore the impact of visual media on children's emotional and social development.

A Historical Study of the Arabic Language According to Islamic Scholars and Orientalists

Nur Lailatul Fauziyah — 2025-06-30

Arabic is one of the oldest languages in the world. Over time, it has undergone significant transformation from the pre-Islamic (Jahiliyyah) period to the classical era. Numerous scholars have studied the history of the Arabic language, resulting in differing opinions. This study explores the historical development of Arabic by focusing on the views of both Islamic scholars and Orientalists, including As-Suyuthi, Abu Ali al-Faris, Ibn Jinni, Carl Brockelmann, P. H. Kitty, and Ernest Renan. The research employs a qualitative method by analyzing historical sources, including the perspectives of Islamic scholars and Orientalists. The objective of this study is to identify the factors influencing the historical development of the Arabic language.

The findings indicate that the evolution of Arabic has been influenced by various factors, including religion, society, and culture.

The Great Mosque of Bangkalan Through Time: Inscriptions, Architecture, and Function of the Mosque

Iin Nur Zulaili — 2025-06-30

This research aims to study the Grand Mosque of Bangkalan as one of the cultural and social heritage that has historical, inscriptions and architectural value on the building, as well as important functions for the community of Bangkalan, Madura.The study focuses on three main aspects: the history of the mosque, the artistic characteristics of the architecture of the mosque, and the function and role of the mosque from its inception to the present. This research uses a historical-qualitative approach with library study and field observation methods. Research sources use primary sources in the form of carvings of inscriptions and secondary sources in the form of websites, journals, and books relevant to this research topic. The results of the study show that the Great Mosque of Bangkalan is not only a center for religious activities, but also a symbol of the cultural identity of the Madurese people. In terms of architecture, this mosque reflects a blend of local architectural styles, Javanese, and distinctive colonial influences, making it unique and rich in aesthetic value. In addition, the function of the mosque has undergone a dynamic transformation, not only as a place of worship, but also as a center for education, social, and community activities. These findings indicate that the Great Mosque of Bangkalan has an important value as a historical heritage that continues to live and is relevant in people's lives to this day.

Developing Social Tolerance through a Multidisciplinary Approach in Elementary School Students: The Importance of Social Tolerance in Elementary Education

Fitriyani Fitriyani — 2025-06-30

Social tolerance is an important aspect in character education that needs to be instilled early on, especially in the context of a pluralistic Indonesian society. This article aims to examine the urgency of instilling social tolerance values in elementary school students and to explore the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach in supporting the development of tolerant attitudes among students. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, which was conducted at SDN Sertajaya 05 Cikarang, Bekasi Regency. This study is based on development research that has been conducted to develop cognitive moral-based learning media to improve social tolerance attitudes in grade V elementary school students. This study shows that a multidisciplinary approach that integrates Civic Education, Indonesian Language, Social Sciences, and Arts and Culture subjects is able to create an inclusive, participatory, and contextual learning environment. The findings show that value-based learning with a cross-disciplinary approach plays a significant role in strengthening students' understanding of diversity and improving social and moral skills. This article recommends the active role of teachers in designing cross-subject learning that instills values of tolerance through collaborative activities, discussions, reflections, and community-based projects.

Islamic Literature on Social Media: Changes in Style, Meaning, and Function

Roudlotus Sholihah — 2025-06-30

Differences in access and ability to use digital technology—shaped by the dominance of social media—have had a significant impact on the development of Islamic literature, in terms of aesthetics, meaning, and modes of communication. This study aims to examine the changes in style, meaning, and function of Islamic literature as it evolves across various social media platforms by applying a qualitative approach and content analysis techniques to literary works published on Instagram, Twitter, and TikTok. One of the findings indicates that the language style of Islamic literature has undergone structural simplification and increased the use of images, videos, and interactive features to more effectively capture the attention of a broader digital audience. In terms of meaning, there is a process of reinterpretation of Islamic values within contemporary contexts, reflecting adaptation to the social realities of media users. The function of Islamic literature has expanded beyond its traditional role, serving as a means of digital da'wah, informal education, and social critique. This study concludes that social media not only serves as a new space for disseminating Islamic literature but also as a platform for dialogue between tradition and modernity in contemporary Islamic cultural expression.

Contemplating the Majesty of Lailatul Qadr Through the Stylistic Patterns of Surah Al-Qadr

Aula Ikroma — 2025-06-30

Surah Al-Qadr is one of the short chapters in the Qur’an that emphasizes the majesty of Lailatul Qadr. This night, as mentioned in the surah, is believed to be a blessed night whose value surpasses that of a thousand months. This study aims to uncover the profound meaning of the greatness of Lailatul Qadr through a stylistic analysis of the surah. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with an Arabic stylistic approach. The primary source of this study is Surah Al-Qadr, while the secondary sources include various articles related to Arabic stylistics and analyses of Surah Al-Qadr.

Data analysis was conducted through stages of collection, selection, and in-depth examination. The findings show that the linguistic aspects of Surah Al-Qadr successfully reveal its grandeur and spiritual depth as a night full of blessings. In terms of phonology, the use of sound repetition evokes a sacred atmosphere and deepens the spiritual impression. Morphologically, the selection of deeply meaningful words creates a strong depiction of the night’s magnificence. Semantically, the phrase “better than a thousand months” carries symbolic significance.

The conclusion of this study affirms that the stylistic features of Surah Al-Qadr not only enrich the linguistic beauty of the Qur’an but also serve as a means to reflect upon and understand its divine messages.

The Advancement of Civilization and the Causes of the Destruction of the People of Thamud in the Qur’an

Naufal Akmaldi Putra Tupan — 2025-06-30

This study examines the story of the people of Thamud as portrayed in the Qur’an to understand the dynamics of a civilization’s advancement and eventual downfall. The Thamud people demonstrated rapid progress in technology and architecture, such as their ability to carve dwellings out of stone and achievements in agriculture. However, this progress ultimately led to arrogance, rejection of monotheistic teachings, and unjust treatment of the Prophet Salih.

The study aims to answer: How does the Qur’an depict the Thamud civilization, and what theological, sociological, and moral factors contributed to its destruction?

Using a qualitative descriptive method with a thematic exegesis approach and historical analysis, this research investigates Qur’anic verses in Surahs Al-A’raf and Hud, supported by both classical and contemporary tafsir sources.

The findings show that a technically advanced civilization can collapse if it lacks a strong spiritual and moral foundation. The downfall of Thamud was caused by collective rebellion, moral decadence, social elitism, and the rejection of divine signs. This story serves as an important reflection for modern society to maintain a balance between progress and divine values.

An Analysis of Communication Approach in Millie Bobby Brown and Maisa Silva’s UNICEF Interview on Young Women’s Rights

Sabbihisma Robbika — 2025-06-30

The young generation in some parts of the world still struggle through numerous challenges to gain their rights and welfare. UNICEF, as an organization that works particularly in children’s concerns, plays a critical role by conducting campaigns to promote their rights, notably on young women’s rights. This study aims to reveal the language style used in a UNICEF interview featuring two UNICEF ambassadors, Millie Bobby Brown and Maisa Silva, and how messages and meaning on young women’s rights are communicated through Dell Hymes' SPEAKING model. The data from the interview were taken from the UNICEF Brasil YouTube channel and were transcribed and analyzed, and were presented using a qualitative descriptive method. The researchers examine the communicative elements using the ethnography of the communicative approach developed by Dell Hymes, including the setting or scene, the participants, the end purposes, the act sequence, the key style, the instrumentalities, the norms, and the genre. The result of this study shows that the language style used by Millie Bobby Brown and Maisa Silva can frame the discussion to address the audience. In addition, the researchers find that Dell Hymes’ theory of the SPEAKING model suits how the messages in the interview effectively highlight young women’s struggle for their rights.

اللغة العربية: تحليل لغوي نقدي لتعريفات اللغويين العرب

Fariha Zahra Kamila — 2025-06-30

Arabic holds a strategic role in the field of linguistics and the construction of civilization. This study employs a qualitative approach based on literature review to analyze the perspectives of three linguistic scholars on the Arabic language: Ibn Jinni, Musthafa Al-Ghulayaini, and Imam Bawani. The analysis reveals that Ibn Jinni defines language as sound used by a community to convey specific intentions, emphasizing its social and phonetic aspects. Musthafa Al-Ghulayaini views language as a complex instrument of communication that requires an understanding of grammatical structure and contextual usage. Imam Bawani, on the other hand, asserts that Arabic was born, developed, and spread in the Arab region and holds a special status in Islamic tradition. All three agree that language functions as a fundamental medium of communication for humanity and highlight the importance of Arabic in the Islamic context.

Dresmo Village: Local Traditions and the Influence of Islam

Mas Badrya — 2025-06-30

This study aims to analyze the formation of local traditions in Dresmo Village, Surabaya, and the influence of Islamic teachings in preserving and modifying these traditions. Dresmo Village is known for its rich local traditions and strong Islamic practices. Using a qualitative approach, this research examines the process of acculturation between local culture and Islam, based on acculturation theory which highlights changes resulting from cultural interaction.

The findings reveal a unique fusion between customs and Islamic values, as seen in practices such as kenduri and tahlilan, which have been modified to align with religious teachings without losing their cultural meaning. The role of religious and community leaders is crucial in maintaining this balance. Cultural adaptation theory supports the finding that the community is capable of preserving traditional identity while simultaneously integrating religious values into daily life. Despite the challenges posed by modernization, the Dresmo community has successfully maintained harmony between tradition and religion.

The Social Media Da’wah and Language Use: A Comparative Study of Indonesian Islamic Figures

Octaviani Dwi Indah Cahyawati — 2025-06-30

This research examines the use of language in the context of Islamic da’wah delivered by Indonesian Islamic figures through social media such as YouTube and TikTok. This research aims to (1) identify the types of speech acts used by each figure, (2) analyze the figurative language style used, and explore the situational influence on the applied da’wah communication strategy. This research used a descriptive qualitative method with a sociopragmatic approach, and data were obtained from 16 selected videos featuring four Islamic figures: Ahmad Anwar Zahid, Felix Siauw, Husein Ja'far Al Hadar (Habib Ja'far), and Husain Basyaiban (Kadam Sidik). The study results show that the most frequently used speech acts are directive, assertive, and expressive, which focus on commands or invitations, conveying facts, and emotional expressions. Figurative language styles such as similes, metaphors, personifications, and hyperboles are also often used to strengthen the rhetorical power of da’wah. This research concludes that the effectiveness of da’wah in digital media depends on linguistic strategies that are adjusted to the platform, context, and characteristics of the audience. These findings contribute to further understanding of religious communication and support the development of contextual da'wah strategies in the digital era.

1001 Nights of Wonder in the Era of Harun al-Rashid (786–809)

Dwi Rosita Oktafianti — 2025-06-30

The history of 1001 Nights is the most popular anthology of Middle Eastern legends, which continued to flourish under the reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid of the Abbasid Dynasty (786–809 AD). These stories were composed not only for entertainment but also as a reflection of the social, political, and cultural realities of the golden age of Islam.

This study aims to explore the connection between the content of The Tale of 1001 Nights and the real-life experiences of society and the political policies of Harun al-Rashid. It also examines Harun al-Rashid’s establishment of Bayt al-Hikmah—an institution dedicated to the translation, preservation, and development of knowledge—and investigates how 1001 Nights mirrors the Islamic civilization of the time.

The primary sources in this research include Husain Haddawy’s The Arabian Nights, Harun al-Rashid in Philip K. Hitti’s History of the Arabs, Harun al-Rashid and One Thousand and One Nights by André Clot, and translations of Alf Laila wa Laila from Arabic into various languages.

The Figure of Maryam in the Narrative of Revelation: A Historical and Cultural Study of the Role of Women in Global Islamic Civilization

Achmad Firman Pamungkas — 2025-06-30

This study examines the figure of Maryam, the mother of Prophet Isa, as portrayed in the narrative of revelation in the Qur’an and Hadith, through a historical and cultural approach focusing on her role in global Islamic civilization. Maryam is the only woman explicitly named in the Qur’an, with a profound story that extends beyond theological dimensions to encompass social, cultural, and even interfaith aspects. The aim of this research is to explore how Maryam is positioned as a symbol of purity, steadfast faith, and female strength within the construction of Islamic civilization, and how this representation is understood in cross-cultural and global contexts—especially in today’s era of uncertainty.

The methodology used is historical, following the stages of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography, complemented by a role-based approach to identify and analyze the social and symbolic functions of Maryam in the history of the Muslim community. Primary sources analyzed include Qur’anic verses, authentic Hadith, and both classical and contemporary tafsir literature. The findings reveal that Maryam serves not only as a spiritual figure but also as a cross-cultural icon who enriches interfaith dialogue and becomes a source of inspiration in discourses on gender equality and universal human values.

The Changes in English in the Early Modern Period and the Impact of Printing Technology on the Spread of the Language

Ana Nurul Izza — 2025-06-30

The Early Modern English period (c. 1500–1700) was a time of significant linguistic transformation, driven by the social, political, and technological changes. One of the most crucial factors of influencing the spread and standardization of English was the rise of printing technology, introduced by William Caxton in 1476. This study aims to examine the linguistic changes of periodic english particularly in vocabulary, grammar, and spelling and analyze how the printing press contributed to the spread and stabilization of English. This study employs a historical linguistic method and uses primary sources, including printed texts, dictionaries, and grammar books from the era. to track the shifts in language. The findings reveal that the standardization of spelling and grammar was largely influenced by the increased availability of printed materials such as literature, which helped to establish a more uniform version of English. Additionally, the spread of literacy to the masses and the wider circulation of texts accelerated the adoption of new words, many borrowed from Latin and other European languages. Ultimately, printing technology played a pivotal role in shaping Modern English by promoting consistency and accessibility. The study underscores the connectiness of technological advancements and linguistic evolution during the time.

Sufistic Literature from Pesantren

Wasid Wasid — 2025-06-30

This article will examine the Sufistic Literature of Islamic boarding schools with the manuscript of the book Shi'ir Taqwa by KH. Abdul Hadi Langitan Tuban as a study material. For this reason, this article will answer two formulations. First, what is the context of the Sufistic literature of the book Shi'ir Taqwa by KH. Abdul Hadi? Second, how are the Sufistic values in the book of Shi'ir Taqwa by KH. Abdul Hadi is related to human nature?

This study uses a philological approach with a focus on the textology of the Shi'ir Taqwa manuscript with a focus on its content and content. In addition, this study also uses a sociology approach of knowledge in order to find the relationship between the Shi'ir Taqwa manuscript and its author, considering that no text is born in a vacuum.

From the study, the author concluded; first, the Sufistic literary context of the book Shi'ir Taqwa is the work of KH. Abdul Hadi has a close relationship with the dynamics of Sufism knowledge that develops in the world of Pesantren in this case the Langitan Pesantren. The use of the Javanese pegon language also illustrates that the culture of the pesantren is very strongly related to its community. Second, in substance, Shi'ir Taqwa contains advice that contains the values of moral Sufism. This advice in Sufistic literature leads the process of forming Sufistic reasoning of readers and listeners to continue to be immersed in the values and practices of Sufism.

Military Leadership of Khalid bin Walid in the Battle of Mu’tah

Muhammad Luthfi Ader Rospiadi — 2025-06-30

The Battle of Mu’tah was one of the most significant battles in Islamic history, taking place in 629 CE between the Muslim army and the Byzantine Empire. One of the central figures in this event was Khalid bin Walid, renowned as an exceptional military commander in Islamic history. This study aims to examine Khalid bin Walid’s leadership during the Battle of Mu’tah, particularly his strategies, tactics, and decisiveness after assuming command following the deaths of the previous commanders on the battlefield.

The research uses a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Findings reveal that Khalid bin Walid successfully led the Muslim army in a strategic withdrawal from an uneven battle, avoiding total defeat and saving many lives. His leadership was marked by resilience, military intelligence, and courage, which earned him the title "The Sword of Allah."

This study emphasizes the importance of adaptive leadership in critical situations and Khalid bin Walid’s contribution to sustaining the early Islamic struggle. The Battle of Mu’tah, a key historical event in the development of Islamic da’wah, occurred in 629 CE (8 AH), involving the Muslim army against the Byzantine forces and their allies near Mu’tah, close to the Levantine border. In this battle, three primary Muslim commanders — Zaid bin Harithah, Ja’far bin Abi Talib, and Abdullah bin Rawahah — were martyred in succession.

Amid this crisis, Khalid bin Walid stepped up to take command and led the Muslim forces, who were vastly outnumbered. This research aims to examine the form and characteristics of Khalid bin Walid’s leadership in the context of the Battle of Mu’tah, especially in dealing with battlefield pressure and emergency conditions. The study concludes that Khalid bin Walid employed a flexible, intelligent, and calculated military strategy, including tactical maneuvers that successfully misled the enemy and allowed the Muslim forces to retreat in an orderly manner without total defeat.

His success demonstrated an adaptive, courageous, and wise leadership capacity, prompting the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to grant him the title "Saifullah" (The Sword of Allah). This research concludes that effective leadership in critical situations is crucial to the continuity of a struggle and provides important lessons in crisis management and early Islamic military strategy.

The Wounded Voice: Forms of Oppression Against Women in the Film Tuhan, Izinkan Aku Berdosa

Rahmania Alya Fitriani — 2025-06-30

This article analyzes the forms of physical and emotional oppression experienced by Kiran in the film Tuhan, Izinkan Aku Berdosa directed by Hanung Bramantyo, as reflected through the character’s dialogues. The film serves as a mirror of a social reality that continues to marginalize women, while simultaneously offering a narrative of resistance in silence. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method using paralinguistic theory and feminist literary criticism. In the paralinguistic analysis, the focus is placed on examining Kiran’s vocal expressions such as pitch, vocal quality, and tone during her dialogues. In the feminist literary critique, the study focuses on Kiran’s dialogues that reveal inner turmoil, involvement in promiscuity, and moral pressure within a patriarchal religious environment. Through this analysis, the study illustrates how gender-based injustice is represented in the film. The findings indicate that Kiran’s manner of speech reflects symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including re-experiencing, avoidance, negative thoughts, despair, and the inability to voice her rights. Furthermore, the film highlights how women's bodies and spiritualities are regulated by social and religious systems.

From Beowulf to Canterbury Tales: The Evolution of Literary Genres from Old To Middle English

Daania Zahraa Nafisa — 2025-06-30

The evolution of literary genres from Old English to Middle English marks, therefore, language, culture, and storytelling tradition changes in England from Anglo-Saxon to later Medieval times. Beowulf is the Old English epic par excellence, and it is steeply integerated within oral-formulaic tradition to have heroic narratives of Germanic legend or pagan value, later Christianized through alliterative verse; it bears witness to the priority of orality within the scops' preserving cultural

memory. The Canterbury Tales, on the other hand, stand as a marker in Middle English literature. It is a collection of 24 tales or stories, all of which represent various kinds, that are told by pilgrims of diverse social classes who travel together to pilgrimage sites. By its use of vernacular Middle English, Chaucer legitimized vernacular Middle English as a literary language that freed it from the domination of Latin and French; nor can we deny its more well-structured narrative, which also takes into account contemporary societal issues, getting influences both from courtly and ecclesiastical traditions. This movement showed the progression from more heroic and oral epics to more complex narratives, and the transition marks an important era in midieval England, showing how changing the language and culture can alter the whole aspect of these developments in literature.

The Role of Arabic In the Formation of Islamic Cultural and Scientific Identity

Khalysta Geovanny Prastika — 2025-06-30

In the formation of the identity of an Islamic Culture and Science in particular, we already know and understand that behind the formation there must be a very urgent role in it, one of which the researchers will discuss in this study is the Arabic Language. Where this article is researched aims to know and understand the extent of the urgency of Arabic in the formation and maintenance of a Cultural Identity and The Development Of Science In Islamic Civilization, because of its role, researchers are interested in studying the origin of the existence of Arabic on this earth. The method that will be used by researchers in this study is a method in the form of library research or what we commonly hear in a study, namely Library Research. Thus, the results of this study can be concluded that Arabic is not only a means of communication, but also has a strategic role in maintaining and developing Islamic Culture and Science. Therefore, efforts to strengthen the learning and mastery of Arabic are essential in maintaining The Sustainability Of Islamic Civilization, especially in the Era Of Globalization which is full of challenges.

Tughril Beg: Architect of Seljuk Power in the Middle East

Moch. Fahmi Sahal — 2025-06-30

Tughril Beg, the founder of the Seljuk Dynasty, was an influential figure in the development of Islamic civilization in the Middle East during the 11th century, amid the declining authority of the Abbasid Caliphate and the increasing fragmentation of regional power. This study aims to examine the origins of Tughril Beg’s rise and his contributions in the political, military, and religious spheres within the Seljuk Dynasty.

The method used is historical-qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach, based on literature review of primary and secondary sources. The findings show that Tughril Beg succeeded in consolidating fragmented territories, gaining legitimacy from the Abbasid Caliph, and protecting and strengthening Sunni institutions. His role in establishing a stable system of governance and regional stability paved the way for sustained scientific and cultural revival.

The Birth of English: Exploring the Characteristics of Old English and the role of Anglo-Saxon in its Evolution

Hena Lutfia Rani — 2025-06-30

English is a universal language that most countries use for international communication. English has had numerous impacts that have changed the old English, which has turned into the modern English we use now. In the beginning, English was influenced by Celtic, and then Germanic influences came with the colonization by three big clans: Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. In that case, the purpose of this research on Old English characteristics is to understand more about the history and evolution of the English language from the 5th to 11th centuries (Old English) and continuing until the 16th century (modern English). Thus, readers could effectively study and preserve the history of the birth of English. The method used in this research article is the qualitative method with phenomenon analyzation. This method is used to find out the changes in the English language from the characteristics, including pronunciation, present vocabulary, and grammar. Besides that, this research is also done to discover the influence of AngloSaxons. Writers accomplished a deeper research through trusted sources such as “History of the English Language 5th Edition” by Albert C. Baugh and Thomas Cable. After going through the research and further study, it could be said that English has experienced a significant evolution. Starting from structure and language patterns to usage case and inflection. The English language we know now has become more concise and organised. The English language (Modern English) has become simpler with only 34.000 words, and it is easier to learn as a second language.

Stylistic Analysis of Ayat al-Kursi (QS. Al-Baqarah: 255): A Study of Stylistic Elements and Their Meanings

Arsyi Qurrotula'yun — 2025-06-30

Ayat al-Kursi (QS. Al-Baqarah: 255) holds a central position in Qur'anic theological studies due to its comprehensive content regarding the omnipotence of Allah. This study examines the linguistic aspects of the verse through an Arabic stylistic approach by exploring rhetorical strategies and linguistic patterns that reinforce the message of monotheism (tawhid).

Using a descriptive qualitative method, this research conducts a stylistic analysis that allows for the examination of elements such as metaphor, symbolism, and rhetoric. The findings show that Ayat al-Kursi contains a range of complex and profound stylistic features, which convey deep meanings about the power and majesty of Allah.

Preliminary findings suggest that the stylistic elements used in Ayat al-Kursi play a crucial role in shaping its meaning and message. These findings support the thesis that the rhetorical power of Ayat al-Kursi does not lie in structural complexity, but in its transformative ability to shape awareness of monotheism through linguistic precision and semantic depth.

The Political and Military Strategy of Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi in the Crusades: A Historical Analysis

Aghist Aulady Maghfiroh — 2025-06-30

This study aims to examine the political and military strategies of Salahuddin al-Ayyubi during the Crusades. The primary focus is to understand Salahuddin’s role in formulating political and military strategies, particularly during the Third Crusade (1187–1192), also known as the "Crusade of Kings."

Using the library research method—analyzing books, articles, journals, and relevant historical documents—this study finds that Salahuddin al-Ayyubi was a wise Muslim leader and a brilliant military commander who played a pivotal role in the Crusades.

His political strategies included uniting Muslims across Egypt, Syria, and Iraq to confront the Crusader forces, as well as using diplomacy to form alliances with other Muslim rulers and consolidate his power base.

Meanwhile, his military strategies involved guerrilla tactics to disrupt the Crusader forces, cutting off supply lines, and deploying light cavalry and archers to weaken the enemy from a distance before launching major offensives.

The Impact of Colonializm on the Spread of English in Modern India

Aufi Saskia Hanny Hidayat — 2025-06-30

The Importance of the Linguistic Classical Arabic Grammar

Mohamad Rivzal Djailani — 2025-06-30

Arabic is the language of the Qur'an and Hadith, which is one of the most complex languages in terms of grammar, in classical Arabic grammar there are three components of words, namely ism, fi'il, and letters, while the linguistics is the science of studying language in general, both have a very close relationship because they study the structure and rules of language in Arabic. This article aims to discuss the importance of linguistics in classical Arabic grammar. Imagine a magnificent building full of intricate carvings and deep meaning. That's roughly the picture of classical Arabic grammar. To understand it, we need a key, and that key is the linguistics. This science is not just a collection of rules, but also a window that allows us to peek into the beauty and richness of classical Arabic. Just think, how can we know the meaning of an ancient word that is centuries old? Or how can we put together sentences whose structure and nuances are so different from modern Arabic? This is where the linguistics plays a role. This science is like a language detective, breaking down morphology, syntax, and semantics, revealing hidden layers of meaning. The method used in this study is a literature study, namely by reading related literature. The results of this study indicate that the linguistics is very important and interrelated with classical Arabic grammar.

The Moral and Social Concepts of Sunan Drajat in the Spread of Islam: A Historical Study of the Teachings of Pepali Pitu

Rahmah Istiqomah — 2025-06-30

This study aims to examine the early historical role of Sunan Drajat in spreading Islam in the Lamongan region of East Java. As one of the Walisongo figures, Sunan Drajat is known for his humanistic, egalitarian, and socially oriented approach to Islamic preaching. The research focuses on the moral and social values, as well as the concept of Pepali Pitu, applied by Sunan Drajat in spreading Islam during the late 15th and early 16th centuries.

The study uses a library research approach. The findings show that Sunan Drajat spread Islam not only through spiritual teachings but also by instilling moral values such as tolerance and honesty, social values such as mutual cooperation (gotong royong) and justice, as well as the Pepali Pitu teachings, which include wise life principles such as avoiding arrogance and encouraging nonviolent conflict resolution. These values made his preaching more easily accepted by society.

The Secrets of Classical Arabic

Achmad Ilham Riyadi — 2025-06-30

Classical Arabic, which began to develop in the 7th century CE, played a crucial role in laying the foundations of linguistic science (‘ilm al-lughah) within the Islamic intellectual tradition. During this period, several prominent scholars emerged who not only pioneered the study of grammar but also established methodological principles that remain relevant in modern linguistic research. Scholars such as Sibawayh, Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad, and Al-Farahidi made significant contributions to the development of key linguistic concepts, including morphology (ṣarf), syntax (naḥw), and phonology (ṣawt).

Their ideas reflect an approach to language that was not merely normative or descriptive, but also analytical and contextual. The science of language in the classical Arabic tradition addressed not only formal grammatical rules but also pragmatic and sociolinguistic dimensions, especially concerning eloquent and contextually appropriate language use.

Monumental works such as Al-Kitāb by Sibawayh and Kitāb al-‘Ayn by Al-Farahidi remain intellectual legacies that continue to be studied in contemporary Arabic linguistics. This study aims to review classical perspectives on language within the framework of ‘ilm al-lughah, and to explore their enduring impact on the understanding and teaching of Arabic in the modern era.

Exploring Kartini's Thought: Inspiring Social Change in the Colonial Era

Shofi Lailatul Khonifiyah — 2025-06-30

This study aims to explore the ideas of Raden Ajeng Kartini and analyze how her thoughts inspired social change during the Dutch colonial era in the Dutch East Indies. Through literature review and analysis of Kartini’s letters and relevant literature, the research seeks to examine her responses to the social, political, and cultural conditions that discriminated against indigenous people, especially women, during colonial times.

Key aspects of Kartini’s thought highlighted in this study include her critique of seclusion traditions and forced marriages, the importance of education for women, ideas of gender equality, and her vision for national progress. The research also traces the influence of Kartini’s ideas on the women’s emancipation movement and the development of education in Indonesia during the national awakening period.

Findings reveal that Kartini actively criticized the patriarchal culture that restricted women's roles, including the practice of female seclusion that limited their freedom in areas such as education, social life, and the economy. She worked to expand access to education for women and promoted gender equality through the establishment of women's schools. Thus, Kartini’s struggle for gender equality and national advancement continues to have a significant impact to this day.

Analysis of Linguistic Development in the Arab World and the West

Syauqi Amirudin Achmad — 2025-06-30

This study aims to analyze the development of linguistic science in both the Arab world and the West, with a focus on the theories and contributions of linguistic scholars as found in literary studies. The results show that linguistic studies in the West cover a broader range of topics from social, political, and intellectual perspectives. In contrast, linguistic studies in the Arab world tend to be more narrowly focused, particularly on the study of the Qur’an and Hadith. As a result, linguistic development in the Arab world has experienced stagnation, while in the West it has seen significant progress.

The Role of KH. Mukmin in the Spread of Islam in Gedangan, Sidoarjo in 1904

Himmatin Adhimah — 2025-06-30

This study aims to examine the role of KH. Mukmin in the spread of Islam in Sidoarjo in 1904. The main focus of the research is to understand KH. Hasan Mukmin’s contributions to the dissemination of Islam in Sidoarjo, to explore his role as a successor or teacher of the Qadiriyah-Naqshbandiyah Sufi order, and to identify the challenges he faced during the Gedangan uprising of 1904. This study uses library research methods by referring to books about KH. Mukmin, articles, journals, and other related documents.

The findings show that KH. Hasan Mukmin was the only son of a religious scholar from Yogyakarta. His father was a leader of the Qadiriyah-Naqshbandiyah order, which is a combination of two major Sufi paths: Qadiriyah and Naqshbandiyah. In addition to studying, KH. Mukmin also sold woven mats and worked as a healer. He delved into mystical knowledge within the Qadiriyah-Naqshbandiyah order, which allowed him to master spiritual invulnerability and esoteric powers. Due to these abilities, he became well-known and had many students and followers.

The 1904 Gedangan riot is a significant historical event worth discussing. The naming of KH. Mukmin Street is a form of recognition from the government for Kassan Moekmin, the figure behind the Gedangan uprising of 1904.

English as a Global Language: Its Influence on Technology and Culture

Nadhia I'zaz Cyrilla — 2025-06-30

English has become the dominant global language, playing a crucial role in international communication, business, and education. Its widespread use is largely due to historical factors such as British colonialism and the economic and cultural influence of the United States. In the modern era, English continues to shape technological advancements and cultural interactions worldwide. The language serves as a bridge in scientific research, digital communication, and global media, making it essential for innovation and cultural exchange. Understanding the impact of English on these aspects helps in assessing its significance in global development. This article is to analyze the role of English as a global language and its influence on technological advancements and cultural development. This article discusses the role of english as a global language and its impact on technological and cultural development in the material of history of english language and literature. This study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the role of English as a global language and its impact on technology and cultural development. By examining its influence, this research aims to highlight both the opportunities and challenges associated with English’s dominance, particularly for non-native speakers navigating global interactions.

الأخطاء النحوية في استخدام اللغة العربية على شبكة التواصل الاجتماعي

Nia Wahdatuz Zakiyah — 2025-06-30

العربية على شبكة التواصل الاجتماعي، مع التركيز على منصة الفيسبوك. يعتمد البحث على منهج تحليل الأخطاء الذي يحتوي على عدة مراحل هي: تحديد الأخطاء، وتوصيف أنماطها وأشكالها، وتفسير أسبابها، وتصحيحها، بالإضافة إلى استثمارها تعليميا وتعلميا من مراعاته في تحديد المواد التعليمية التي ينبغي أن يتدرب عليها متعلمو العربية لكي يتمكنوا من التعبير الصحيح باللغة العربية. تستمد بيانات هذا البحث من تعليقات مستخدمي اللغة العربية في الصفحة المعنونة بـ nambah Uslub على منصة الفيسبوك في الأعداد الخمسين التي تمت مشاركتها من شهر يناير إلى شهر أبريل من عام 2025. أشارت نتائج هذا البحث إلى أن الأخطاء النحوية بين مستخدمي اللغة العربية في وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي هي الأكثر هيمنة وتنوعًا في الأشكال والأنماط، خاصة فيما يتعلق بعدم التوافق بين عناصر الجملة واستخدام الحروف الجر. كما أشارت نتائجه إلى أن السبب الرئيسي لهذه الأخطاء هو تأثير اللغة الأم في استخدام اللغة العربية، مما يؤدي إلى حدوث تدخلات نحوية تؤثر على دقة استخدام اللغة.

The Role of Hunayn ibn Ishaq in the Transformation of Greek Knowledge into the Islamic World during the Abbasid Era

Achmad Arfiansyah Ramadani — 2025-06-30

This study aims to explore the role of Hunayn ibn Ishaq in transmitting Greek knowledge to the Islamic world, particularly during the golden age of the Abbasid Dynasty. The main focus of this work is to scientifically uncover Hunayn's intellectual contributions through his translations of important works by Greek thinkers such as Galen and Hippocrates, positioning him as a bridge between the Greek intellectual legacy and the Islamic scientific tradition. In the context of the development of Islamic knowledge, Hunayn's role was crucial because he did not merely translate texts literally, but also interpreted and adapted classical scientific concepts.

This article employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that Hunayn functioned not only as a translator but also as a scholar who filtered, reorganized, and even corrected Greek texts to make them more accessible and applicable for development by subsequent generations of Muslim scientists. His works became a foundational pillar for the growth of scientific tradition in the Islamic world and had a significant influence that extended into the European Renaissance.

The Cultural Influence Behind the Evolution of English

Raida Rumaisya Pangaribuan — 2025-06-30

Modern English has been in use since the early fifth century in England. The English language has undergone many changes and evolutions over time. Several factors have influenced these changes, including historical events, migration, and cultural invasions. English itself has borrowed many words from other languages and various civilizations, such as Latin, Norse, and French, resulting in a rich and diverse vocabulary. This article discusses the evolution of the English language and the cultural factors that have influenced it throughout different historical periods. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach, focusing on data analysis from various aspects, including history, linguistics, and literature. This approach analyzes how cultural influences have contributed to the development of English vocabulary over time. The findings of this study indicate that cultural influences on the evolution of the English language can be observed through various supporting aspects, such as linguistic borrowings from other languages. Additionally, globalization and technology also play a role in the development of English, leading to the emergence of new terms and vocabulary. This article further emphasizes that English is an adaptive language that continues to evolve in response to social and cultural changes.

Comparison of Middle East News Framing by Al Jazeera and CNN

Izza Afkarina Azizah — 2025-06-30

This study examines the framing of Middle Eastern news coverage by two prominent international news outlets: Al Jazeera and CNN. Employing a qualitative methodology and Robert N. Entman’s framing theory, the research investigates how media from distinct cultural contexts construct narratives around key regional and global issues. Three case studies were selected to illustrate framing differences: (1) the Oscar win of the documentary “No Other Land”, (2) Saudi Arabia’s role in mediating global tensions between the United States, Russia, and Ukraine, and (3) the funeral of Aga Khan IV in Egypt. The findings reveal substantial contrasts in framing. Al Jazeera highlights themes of Palestinian suffering and humanitarian struggle in the “No Other Land” case, portrays Donald Trump positively in the mediation context, and emphasizes spiritual and humanitarian aspects of Aga Khan IV’s legacy. In contrast, CNN focuses on international reactions and controversies, presents a more critical view of Trump, and emphasizes global leadership without addressing spiritual or personal dimensions. The study concludes that media framing is not merely a reflection of events, but a deliberate construction shaped by the outlet’s cultural values, political interests, and intended audiences.

The Life History of Khalid ibn al-Walid: From Enemy to Companion of the Prophet

Alika Fidiyah Astuti — 2025-06-30

Khalid ibn al-Walid was one of the most influential military figures in Islamic history, famously known as the “Sword of Allah.” He came from the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe, which had a strong military tradition. Before embracing Islam, Khalid was a prominent commander of the Quraysh forces opposing the Muslims, including in the Battle of Uhud. However, after the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, he began to reflect on the message of Islam and eventually converted in 629 CE.

This study aims to examine Khalid ibn al-Walid’s social and military background, his transformation from an adversary into a leading commander of the Muslim army, and his contributions in several significant battles such as Mu’tah, the conquest of Mecca, Yamamah, and Yarmouk. The research uses a qualitative method with a historical approach and narrative analysis of both primary and secondary sources.

The findings reveal that Khalid’s strategic brilliance, bravery, and loyalty played a vital role in strengthening the Muslim community and expanding Islamic territory—during both the time of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the caliphates of Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab. Khalid’s life story reflects the power of divine guidance, steadfast faith, and exemplary courage and dedication to the religion.

Pragmatic Analysis of Language Politeness & FTA/FSA Strategies in The East Java Gubernatorial Debate 2024

Hadi Asrori — 2025-06-30

Political debates in regional head elections serve not only as a platform for the exchange of ideas but also as a reflection of the communication strategies employed to build image and garner public sympathy. In this context, the selection of words and modes of expression becomes paramount, particularly in upholding ethics and language politeness. This study aims to analyze the forms of language politeness in the East Java Gubernatorial Election debate of 2024 using a pragmatic approach. The primary focus of this research is on Leech's (1983) politeness principles, which encompass six maxims: “Tact Maxim”, generosity, appreciation, modesty, agreement, and sympathy, as well as identifying their violations. Furthermore, this research examines Face Threatening Acts (FTA) and Face-Saving Acts (FSA) based on Brown & Levinson's (1987) theory. The methodology employed is qualitative descriptive, utilizing observation and note-taking techniques on the transcripts of three debate sessions. The results indicate that of the 67 data instances, Candidate Pair 1 (Luluk–Lukman) predominantly adhered to the “Tact Maxim” and generosity, Candidate Pair 2 (Khofifah–Emil) excelled in the maxims of appreciation and modesty, while Candidate Pair 3 (Risma–Hans) exhibited a greater tendency towards the maxims of agreement and sympathy. Various forms of FTA and FSA were also identified, reflecting each candidate's communication strategy in constructing their political image. This study reinforces the significance of politeness and pragmatic strategies in political discourse as a means of maintaining harmony, strengthening identity, and ethically influencing public opinion.

The Rhetoric of Kalam Insya’i in Allah’s Commands and Warnings in Surah At-Tahrim: A Stylistic Analysis of Qur’anic Language

Naura Maulika Khairunnisa — 2025-06-30

Rhetoric in the Qur’an is a communicative strategy used to convey divine messages both explicitly and implicitly, in order to reinforce the meaning contained within the text. One form of rhetoric in the Qur’an is kalam insya’i, which includes interrogative (istifham), command (‘amr), prohibition (nahy), vocative (nidā’), wishful expression (tamanni), exclamation (ta‘ajjub), praise and criticism (al-madh wa al-dhamm), oath (al-qasam), and hope (rajā’). Surah At-Tahrim, one of the madaniyah surahs, meaning "prohibition", is dominated by Allah’s commands and warnings directed to His servants.

This study aims to uncover the commands and warnings of Allah in Surah At-Tahrim and the embedded messages conveyed through an analysis of the rhetoric of kalam insya’i. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, using an Arabic stylistic approach. The primary source is Surah At-Tahrim, while secondary sources consist of related articles on stylistic analysis and studies concerning the surah.

The data analysis process includes stages of data collection, selection, and in-depth analysis. Preliminary findings show that there are three commands and three warnings conveyed by Allah in Surah At-Tahrim. The use of assertive language with profound meaning creates a strong emotional impact on the reader, effectively stirring the soul and conveying the divine message hidden within the text.

The Influences of Masjid Agung Demak in Mataraman Court Mosques (1587–1775)

Wildan Bima Arya Nugraha — 2025-06-30

Mosque is a place of worship for Muslims. In addition to being a place of worship, the mosque is also a place for mixing architectural design and art or being a descendant of a line of mosque architectural designs. From the influence of other cultures to being a descendant of an architectural lineage. The purpose of this writing is to show that the Karaton Mataraman Mosque was indeed influenced by the Demak Grand Mosque in terms of layout and design. This can be seen from the Demak Grand Mosque, which was built in the second half of the 15th century AD, this mosque adopted the design and layout of traditional Javanese houses and Punden Berundak. This can be seen from the use of spatial planning and layout that is layered with levels. This design was adopted and used in the establishment of the Kotagede Kauman Mosque, the first mosque of Nagari Mataram around 1587 until the construction of the Jogjakarta Kauman Mosque in 1773, in addition, data and writings were also found that mentioned the flow of the building of the mosque which started from Liwan, then Serambi, then continuing with Pawestren, Regol, Kelir, Rana and Jagangan.

Pseudoxenoglossia in Mispronunciation Lyrics of The Chainsmokers Song ‘Don’t Let Me Down’ Covered by Nella Kharisma

Annisa Nur Amalia — 2025-06-30

Abstract

This study explores the phenomenon of pseudoxenoglossia – instances where individuals produce speech resembling a foreign language without demonstrating genuine comprehension. Focusing on the performance of popular music, this research investigates how non-native speakers engage with lyrics in a foreign language, often resulting in varying degrees of accuracy and authenticity. Utilizing qualitative analysis methods, the study examines specific examples of mispronunciation and linguistic adaptation within musical performances, assessing the deviations from standard language norms and exploring the underlying causes. The theoretical framework centers on linguistic interference, which posits that a speaker's native language system exerts a significant influence on their acquisition and production of a second language. This interference can manifest in various ways, including phonological distortions, grammatical inaccuracies, and semantic misunderstandings. The analysis differentiates between instances of minor mispronunciation, where the intended meaning remains relatively clear, and more pronounced cases of pseudoxenoglossia, where utterances lack coherence and semantic content in the target language. The study identifies several contributing factors to these linguistic phenomena. Differences in phonological systems between the native language and the target language present inherent challenges in accurate pronunciation. Limited vocabulary and grammatical knowledge further contribute to errors. Additionally, sociocultural factors, such as perceptions of the audience's linguistic competence, can influence a performer's approach to linguistic accuracy. The findings highlight the complex interplay between linguistic competence, cultural context, and artistic expression in musical performance. By examining examples of linguistic adaptation and mispronunciation, this research sheds light on the ways in which foreign languages are integrated into local cultural practices. It contributes to a broader understanding of the role of popular culture in shaping linguistic attitudes and behaviors, and it underscores the importance of considering both linguistic and sociocultural factors when analyzing cross-cultural communication. This analysis gives rise to findings that illustrate how phonological interference influences non-native speakers in imitating or producing sounds in foreign languages, especially in the context of popular culture and music that is currently developing among society. The research suggests that the study has implications for language learning pedagogy and intercultural communication strategies, emphasizing the need for nuanced approaches that acknowledge the complexities of language acquisition and cultural exchange.

Keywords: Pseudoxenoglossia; Linguistic Interference; Mispronunciation; Language Acquisition; Popular Culture; Cross-Cultural Communication.

Speech Events and Social Dynamics in the Video “Mama Lela Ngamuk Parah” on the YouTube Channel Dika_bj

Desinta Anggraini — 2025-06-30

This study examines the speech events in the Mama Lela drama, specifically the episode titled “Mama Lela Ngamuk Parah,” along with its communicative framework. The aim is to understand how elements of communication such as setting, participants, purpose, and conversational sequence shape meaning in the dialogue between characters. In addition, the study explores the influence of speech partners in shaping the flow of conversation and the social dynamics among the characters.

The method used is descriptive qualitative, employing discourse analysis that considers cultural and social contexts. The findings indicate that the elements of communication in Hymes’ model play a significant role in shaping the structure and meaning of verbal interaction. Furthermore, the study reveals how power relations, emotions, and social values are reflected through the characters’ speech.

Thus, this research not only explains the communication patterns in Mama Lela, but also provides insight into how language is used to express conflict, social relationships, and cultural identity within a dramatic work.

الوعي الذاتي لشخصية صلاح الدين الأيوبي في الرواية العربية لجورجي زيدان (دراسة نفسية أدبية)

Fathin Masyhud — 2025-06-30

تتناول هذه الدراسة تحليل شخصية صلاح الدين الأيوبي في رواية "صلاح الدين الأيوبي" لجورجي زيدان من خلال الوعي الذاتي وعلم النفس الأدبي. تهدف الدراسة إلى فهم كيف يعكس صلاح الدين صراعًا نفسيًا داخليًا في سياق الأحداث التي يعيشها، وكيف يتم تصوير تطور الوعي الذاتي لديه كقائد عسكري وزعيم سياسي. تقدم الرواية شخصية صلاح الدين كقائد محارب مشهور في التاريخ، لكن الكاتب يعرض أيضًا بعدًا إنسانيًا لهذه الشخصية، حيث يعكس الصراع الداخلي بين الالتزام بالواجب الوطني وحاجة الفرد إلى التوازن الداخلي.

يركز البحث على كيفية تأثير الوعي الذاتي في اتخاذ صلاح الدين الأيوبي لقراراته المصيرية في معركة حطين، وكيفية تعامله مع صراعاته النفسية بين الحاجة إلى القيادة العادلة ومطالب الحرب. كما يُظهر الوعي الذاتي في الرواية من خلال تفاعله مع الشخصيات الأخرى، مثل نور الدين زنكي و الملك ريتشارد قلب الأسد، وكيف تؤثر هذه العلاقات على فهمه لذاته ودوره في التاريخ الإسلامي.

من خلال هذه الدراسة، نسعى إلى إبراز كيف أن الوعي الذاتي ليس مجرد انعكاس لحالة عقلية فردية، بل هو عنصر حاسم في تشكيل القيم الإنسانية والقرارات التاريخية الكبرى. يقدم البحث أيضًا رؤية جديدة حول كيفية تصوير الشخصيات التاريخية من خلال الوعي الذاتي في الأدب العربي، ويعكس الصراع بين الواجب الشخصي والسياسي. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى فتح آفاق جديدة لفهم التفاعل بين النصوص الأدبية والنفوس البشرية في سياق العصر الرقمي، حيث يتأثر الوعي الذاتي بالتطورات التكنولوجية والاجتماعية.

Emphasizing the Active and Strategic Role of Umar bin Khattab in Shaping the Foundations of the Islamic State

Muhammad Fajri Zahran — 2025-06-30

As the second caliph, Umar was known not only for his firm leadership but also for the innovative policies he implemented. This study aims to explore the active and strategic role of Umar bin Khattab in shaping the foundations of the Islamic state. Through an analysis of the governance system he established, the application of Islamic law, and the expansion of the caliphate's territory, this research illustrates how Umar succeeded in creating stability and order within the newly formed Islamic society.

In addition, the study examines social policies that supported public welfare, infrastructure development, and the importance of consultation (shura) in decision-making. These findings are expected to provide a deeper understanding of Umar bin Khattab’s legacy and its impact on the future development of the Islamic state. With a comprehensive approach, the results of this research affirm that Umar’s contributions to education and the dissemination of knowledge were also highly significant in fostering an educated generation.

The Evolution of Clause Structure in the Transition from Old English to Middle English

Mariyyatul Khoiriyah — 2025-06-30

The transition from Old English to Middle English was marked by significant changes in clause structure, affecting both syntax and grammatical patterns. This study analyzes how the reduction of inflectional morphology influenced word order, clause construction, and subordination strategies. As case markings declined in Middle English, sentence structure became increasingly reliant on fixed word order, resembling patterns found in Modern English. This shift was particularly evident in the transition from a relatively free word order in Old English to a more rigid Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) order in Middle English Additionally, the study explores the role of auxiliary verbs and conjunctions in compensating for the loss of inflectional markers. Using a descriptive and comparative approach, this research examines linguistic evidence from historical texts, comparing clause structures in Old and Middle English. The findings indicate that the loss of inflection led to shifts in syntactic strategies, including the increased use of periphrastic.constructions, modal verbs, and explicit subordinators to indicate clause relationships These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how morphological changes impact syntactic evolution in the history of the English language and highlight the interplay between morphology and syntax in shaping linguistic structures over time.

A Linguistic Study of the Declaration of Faith (Kalimat Tauhid)

Ahmad Mifrachul Ar Zaki — 2025-06-30

This article aims to examine the syntactic meaning of the Tauhid sentence from a syntactic perspective, focusing on the analysis of sentence structure and the implications of its embedded meanings. Additionally, it provides a deeper understanding of the grammatical construction of the Tauhid sentence within the context of Arabic linguistics, thereby revealing the essence and syntactic significance within Islamic discourse. The research method used in this study is the descriptive- analytical method, which involves describing and analyzing the sentence structure in detail based on relevant syntactic theories. The findings of the analysis in this article indicate that the Tauhid sentence consists of two main parts, namely the negation sentence Lā ilāha and the exception illā Allāh. The dhammah vowel on the word Allāh results from the i'rab process, related to its position as a badal from the implied word Ma‘būdun bi-ḥaqqin. This analysis also shows that the Tauhid sentence falls into the category of Lā nāfiyah lil-jinsi, which functions as a negation of all types of deities. From a phonetic perspective, the structure of the tauhid phrase is designed in such a way that it requires minimal lip movement, facilitating its pronunciation even at the end of life, thus serving as a divine mercy for those who wish to utter it as their final words.

The Islamic Kingdom of India: The Mughal Dynasty and the End of Its Power

Risdawati Risdawati — 2025-06-30

The Islamic civilization of the Mughal dynasty, which ruled India from the 16th century to the mid-19th century, was one of the most influential Islamic dynasties in the history of South Asia. This study focuses on tracing the major achievements of the dynasty in the fields of architecture, art, science, governance systems, and the integration of local culture, as well as identifying the factors that led to the fall of Mughal power in India. The research method used is library research, including historical books, journal articles, manuscripts, and related documents, analyzed through content analysis.

Mughal rulers such as Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzeb played significant roles in shaping a unique and grand Indo-Islamic cultural synthesis, with monumental legacies such as the Taj Mahal, a merit-based bureaucratic system, and relative religious tolerance. However, by the 18th century, the Mughal dynasty began to decline due to internal conflicts, bureaucratic corruption, and pressure from British colonial powers. The fall of Mughal rule marked the end of the classical Islamic civilization era in India, though its legacy continues to live on in the social, cultural, and historical fabric of the Indian nation to this day.

Reconstructing Global Narratives: The Contribution of Cross-Cultural Perspectives to Understanding History and World Literature

Istianah Mursyid — 2025-06-30

Amid global uncertainties marked by pandemics, international conflicts, climate crises, and mass migration, it is crucial to reconsider how we understand history, language, and literature through a cross-cultural perspective. Global historical narratives have often centered on dominant viewpoints, frequently overlooking the contributions and experiences of non-Western cultures. Similarly, the use of language and the development of literature have often reinforced certain cultural hierarchies, thus limiting the diversity of human experience representation. This paper highlights the importance of expanding cross-cultural approaches to reconstruct a fairer historical narrative, to value linguistic diversity, and to position global literature as a medium for intercultural dialogue. Through an interdisciplinary qualitative approach, drawing on the ideas of figures such as Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, and Dipesh Chakrabarty, this study proposes the need to create space for alternative histories, minority languages, and world literature. Strengthening cross-cultural perspectives, therefore, becomes a vital step in building cultural resilience, deepening global empathy, and fostering international solidarity in the face of contemporary challenges.

Presuppositions in the Podcast Titled "Kalau Dinar Candy... Apanya Mau Dibungkam Coba, Dah Kacau Dr Sana Nya…” on Deddy Corbuzier’s YouTube Channel

Adhe'qu Mia Nabila Salma — 2025-06-30

This study analyzes presuppositions in interactions on a YouTube channel, using a case study of a podcast video featuring Deddy Corbuzier and Dinar Candy. The research employs a pragmatic approach based on Yule’s theory. The aim is to identify the types of presuppositions and their impact on communication dynamics. A qualitative descriptive method is used to analyze the utterances in the video. The expected outcome is to broaden the understanding of various types of presuppositions and their influence in digital interactions, particularly on YouTube channels. The findings of this study are expected to contribute to linguistic studies, especially in the field of Pragmatics, by exploring presuppositions in digital (social media) interactions.

The Story of the People of the Cave (Ashabul Kahf) in the Qur’an: A Stylistic Study of Surah Al-Kahf

Alfil Laeli — 2025-06-30

The story of Ashabul Kahf in Surah Al-Kahf (verses 9–26) presents a narrative rich in rhetorical beauty and profound moral messages. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative method using a stylistic approach to uncover the linguistic elements that enhance the narrative's power. The analysis focuses on aspects such as rhythm and cadence, khiṭāb inshāʾī (performative expressions), kalām khabarī (declarative statements), dialogue (ḥiwārī), waṣl (cohesive devices), muqābalah (contrast), jinās (paronomasia), majāz mursal (metonymy), and ījāz (concise expression).

The aim of this study is to explore the implicit meanings, narrative structure, and linguistic uniqueness that enrich the spiritual and theological messages of the story. The findings show that the consistent end-rhyme of the verses creates acoustic harmony, while the use of khiṭāb inshāʾī and kalām khabarī adds aesthetic and rhetorical value. The dynamic dialogues (ḥiwārī), the use of waṣl for flow cohesion, and muqābalah highlighting dual meanings further enhance the narrative’s beauty. Rhetorical devices such as jinās and majāz mursal add depth to the meanings, while ījāz demonstrates effective conciseness without losing substance.

Altogether, these elements affirm that the story of Ashabul Kahf not only conveys a moral message but also presents linguistic beauty that stands as one of the Qur’an’s literary miracles. These findings are expected to contribute to Qur’anic studies through the lens of stylistics.

The Islamic Kingdom of Banten: An Analysis of Facts and Artifacts

Imam Ibnu Hajar — 2025-06-30

As a country composed of numerous islands, Indonesia once had many maritime-based kingdoms. One of them was the Kingdom of Banten, located at the westernmost tip of Java Island. This kingdom played a vital role both in economic development through its commercial trading port and in the spread of Islam. Banten became one of the most important Islamic kingdoms in the country, with a bustling trade port at the time. One contributing factor was the Portuguese occupation of Malacca and the decline of another major Islamic maritime kingdom, the Demak Sultanate. Historians have attempted to uncover the greatness of this Islamic kingdom through various methods and theories. Several investigations, explorations, and research efforts have been conducted by studying related historical documents, artifacts, and the ruins of the royal palace to find authentic evidence of the kingdom's power and significance. These efforts reveal that the kingdom attracted not only local and national traders but also many European explorers. The existing evidence shows that it was the largest and most significant Islamic maritime kingdom on the island of Java.

Some Disputed Issues Concerning Linguistic Points in English Language Instruction

A. Dzo'ul Milal — 2025-06-30

Despite its relatively consistent and definite subject, linguistics, particularly in its practical application within educational contexts, presents issues that may be disputed regarding language instruction practices, especially English Language Teaching (ELT) within Indonesian context. This paper focuses on the points of dispute, their sources, and potential solutions. As an argumentative article, the data were collected and analysed based on the reflective views of the writers. First, the disputes were described. Then, their sources were identified. Finally, solutions were suggested. It was revealed that the disputed points were related to tenses, sentence types, and question tags. Concerning the English tenses, the dispute is whether there are twelve or sixteen tenses in the English language. Related to sentence type, the debate is whether there is a nominal sentence in English. On the question tags, it is argued that question tag rules are vague and inconsistent. The sources of those debates mostly referred to interlanguage informational transfer and divergent approaches towards English language systems. After presenting a detailed description, the writers ultimately presented solutions to the disputes by the end of the paper.

Kembar Buncing Under the Awig-Awig of Bali

Guntur Sekti Wijaya — 2025-06-30

This study aims to explore the relationship between the socio-cultural structure of Balinese customary law and the form of resistance expressed by the main character in the short story Kembar Buncing by Wayan Sunarta. The main issue examined is how cultural values embedded in awig-awig (customary regulations) create social and psychological conflict for the protagonist and how he responds to these cultural pressures through acts of resistance. The short story explicitly represents the reality of a traditional Balinese village society that adheres strongly to myth-based customs, particularly regarding the birth of boy-girl twins (kembar buncing) which is deemed a disgrace when it occurs in families of lower social strata. This condition reflects social inequality within a hierarchical and discriminatory customary structure. This research employs an anthropological literary approach viewing literature as both a reflection and a product of culture as well as a medium for negotiating social values. The theoretical framework positions literature as a representational space of culture and ideology. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with close textual analysis focused on narrative elements, conflict, and character dialogue. The hypothesis of this research is that literature serves as a medium of critique against unjust social systems. The character Darsa emerges as a symbol of resistance against outdated customary values that are no longer relevant to contemporary society. The short story portrays the tension between traditional beliefs and modern awareness and reinforcing literature's role as a critical space for challenging cultural hegemony.

The Two Main Pillars in the study of Arabic Language Structure

Safira Hasna Fitriyah — 2025-07-07

Proficiency in mastering a language involves not only speaking it but also studying its linguistic rules. Ilmu nahwu and syntax are two interrelated branches of language science, though each has a different focus. Ilmu nahwu, also known as Arabic grammar, studies the changes in the endings of words (i'rab) and their effects on sentence meaning. Meanwhile, syntax, which is a part of general linguistics, examines the structure and relationships between words in forming phrases, clauses, and sentences. Simply put, ilmu nahwu focuses more on word forms and their changes, while syntax emphasizes word arrangement and how words create meaning within sentence contexts. Both are essential for understanding and analyzing language, whether Arabic or other languages.

This article aims to discuss ilmu nahwu and syntax from a theoretical perspective. The method used in this research is library research, which involves reviewing relevant literature. The findings show that ilmu nahwu and syntax are foundational disciplines that must be mastered in order to properly understand the Arabic language.

University of Al-Qarawiyyin: A Bridge of Scientific Glory from Islam to the World (A Study of Islamic Civilization in the 9th Century AD)

Mumtasya Hudaini — 2025-07-07

The University of Al-Qarawiyyin in Fez, Morocco, established in 859 AD during the 9th century, is recognized as the oldest continuously operating higher education institution in the world. Its existence reflects the Islamic world's commitment to elevating knowledge as a foundational pillar of civilization building. This study aims to examine the significant role of this university in laying the groundwork for an academic system that later inspired the model of modern universities in Europe.

This article is written using the library research method with a historical-analytical approach. The main focus of the study is to trace the journey of the University of Al-Qarawiyyin and its influence in shaping the global educational system. The findings reveal that the University of Al-Qarawiyyin served not only as a center for Islamic learning but also as a space for intercultural and intellectual exchange. The university introduced several key concepts such as open scholarly discussions, the scientific certification system through ijazah, and a curriculum-based educational model.

With its far-reaching contributions, the University of Al-Qarawiyyin stands as concrete evidence of the vital role Islamic civilization has played in the development of education and global knowledge to this day.

Islamic Literature and “Islami” Literature in Contemporary Indonesian Literature

Muhammad Daffa Affurqand — 2025-07-07

The use of the terms Islamic Literature (Sastra Islam) and Islami Literature (Sastra Islami) among both literary scholars and literature enthusiasts in Indonesia remains ambiguous. This confusion is partly due to the development of Islam in Indonesia after the New Order era, during which publishers began unilaterally claiming their works as Islamic Literature or Islami Literature. Based on this context, the present study aims to define and distinguish the characteristics of these two terms. This research uses the dialectical method, which involves contrasting differing views on a particular issue—in this case, the definitions of Sastra Islam and Sastra Islami. Data collection was carried out through literature review, focusing on scholarly opinions, literary critics, literary texts, and the development of Indonesian literature. The findings indicate that Sastra Islam refers to literary works strictly grounded in scriptural texts such as the Qur'an and Hadith, whereas Sastra Islami is more fluid and does not necessarily adhere to scriptural foundations.

The Contribution of Ibn Jinni's Thoughts in the Science of al-Lughah (Linguistics)

Nabila Ramadhani — 2025-07-07

Ilmu al-Lughah is one of the branches of science that studies Arabic and has a very important position. In Arabic itself, this study has experienced many developmenhts. In the process of its development, this study produced many branches of science and of course this gave birth to many important figures who participated in channeling their thoughts in the study of Science al-Lughah, including Ibn Jinni. This article looks at Ibn's thoughts in the study of Science al-Lughah. This study aims to explain and describe the contribution of Ibn Jinni in Science al-Lughah. Collecting research data using literature related to the discussion and collecting data obtained from various sources, then the data is analyzed and described.

The Advancement of Civilization and the Factors Behind the Destruction of the People of ʿĀd

Muhammad Ali Daei Shofwan — 2025-07-07

This study examines the story of the people of ʿĀd as presented in the Qur'an as both a historical and theological reflection on the rise and fall of a civilization. The people of ʿĀd, who lived after the time of the Prophet Noah (peace be upon him), were known for their physical strength and technological superiority. They built magnificent cities with astonishing architecture in the region of Al-Aḥqāf, which is now believed to be located between Yemen and Oman. However, they rejected the call of the Prophet Hūd to worship the one God and abandon their corrupt behavior. As a result of their defiance, God sent a punishment in the form of a prolonged drought and a devastating storm as a reprimand for their arrogance and moral transgressions.

The aim of this research is to explore the spiritual, moral, and historical values in the story of ʿĀd and to reflect on the relevance of its divine messages for modern civilization. The main issues examined are how the Qur'an portrays the advancement of ʿĀd’s civilization and what key factors led to their downfall from theological, sociological, and moral perspectives.

The method used is qualitative descriptive, employing a thematic tafsir (exegesis) approach and historical analysis. Primary sources include the Qur'an—particularly verses discussing the people of ʿĀd in Surahs Al-Fajr, Al-Ḥāqqah, and Al-Aḥqāf—supported by both classical and contemporary tafsir literature. The findings indicate that the people of ʿĀd were a powerful and advanced civilization, but their destruction stemmed from arrogance and rejection of divine teachings. Their story stands as an eternal warning about the dangers of pride and the importance of obedience to God, offering moral lessons that remain relevant to contemporary society.

Thibbun Nabawi: History, Culture, and Adaptation of Cupping Therapy in the Digital Age

Dwi Susanto — 2025-07-07

This research aims to explore Thibbun Nabawi, specifically cupping therapy, within the contexts of history, culture, and its adaptation in the digital age. Thibbun Nabawi, as a system of medicine originating from the teachings of Prophet Muhammad SAW, possesses extensive and profound historical and cultural roots, encompassing practices passed down through generations. Cupping therapy, as one of its practices, has traversed various civilizations and cultures, demonstrating its relevance in a global context. This study traces the history and culture of cupping therapy, and analyzes how this practice adapts to technological developments in the digital era, including the use of digital platforms for education and services.

An interdisciplinary approach, integrating history, culture, religion, and technology, is employed to comprehensively understand the phenomenon of cupping therapy. The research findings indicate that cupping therapy has a strong historical foundation in both Islamic tradition and global culture, with evidence of its practices found in various historical records. These findings also reveal a significant transformation in the practice of cupping therapy in the digital age, marked by the emergence of online platforms and health applications that facilitate access to information and services, and enable cupping practices to reach a wider audience. The implication of this research is the need to develop clear standards and regulations for cupping therapy practices in the digital era, to ensure its safety and effectiveness in maintaining its integrity amidst developments in technology and information.

Weaving Global Meaning: The Role of Language and Literature in Interpreting History

Zazylah Alifaricha — 2025-07-07

Amid the currents of globalization and growing uncertainty in the contemporary world, language and literature serve as powerful tools for reconstructing and reinterpreting historical narratives through a cross-cultural lens. This paper explores how literary texts and linguistic expressions not only document historical events but also reveal deeper dynamics related to power, identity, and collective memory that shape societies over time. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach—encompassing literary theory, postcolonial studies, and historical analysis—this study emphasizes that world literature, especially from postcolonial contexts and marginalized groups, offers alternative perspectives that challenge dominant historiography, which often centers on Eurocentric viewpoints. Such texts function as mediums of resistance, healing, and cultural negotiation, allowing suppressed voices to emerge and be recognized. Furthermore, the role of language—in its evolution, shifts, and politicization—demonstrates how historical narratives continue to be shaped and contested within global discourse. Through critical readings of selected literary works and reflections on linguistic phenomena, this paper argues that history is not fixed or singular, but a dynamic and pluralistic construction woven from diverse human experiences, languages, and collective imaginations. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of broadening cultural and critical perspectives to foster empathy, understanding, and dialogue in an increasingly fragmented world.

The Companions of the Cave in the Qur’an

Muchamad Affany Syarifudin Fahmi — 2025-06-30

This study explores the story of Ashabul Kahfi (the Companions of the Cave) as presented in the Qur'an, particularly in Surah Al-Kahf (verses 9–26), through historical and archaeological approaches. The story recounts a group of faithful young men who sought refuge in a cave to protect their beliefs from the threat of an oppressive ruler. This narrative conveys important values such as steadfastness in faith, monotheism, and patience in facing worldly trials.

The study begins with an analysis of the Qur'anic text and classical interpretations, including those by Ibn Kathir and Al-Tabari, followed by an examination of modern literature discussing the possible location of the cave mentioned in the story. Additionally, it investigates archaeological evidence from several sites associated with Ashabul Kahfi, particularly in Jordan (the Cave of Al-Raqim) and Turkey, which continue to be subjects of scholarly debate among historians and archaeologists.

The research employs a library research method, gathering data from both primary and secondary sources, including tafsir works, Islamic historical texts, archaeological reports, and international journal articles. The findings indicate that although several locations are linked to the story of Ashabul Kahfi, there is still no definitive scholarly consensus on the physical existence of the cave. Nevertheless, archaeological findings and local narratives contribute significantly to enriching the Muslim understanding of this story.

This study emphasizes that the story of Ashabul Kahfi is not merely a legend or moral tale, but one with a historical dimension worthy of further investigation through scientific inquiry. By connecting sacred text, history, and archaeology, this research encourages the younger Muslim generation to approach the Qur’an’s heritage with critical and scholarly reflection, without diminishing the faith-based values it conveys.

Arabization During the Umayyad Dynasty

Firdaus Alamsyah — 2025-06-30

This study aims to explore the Arabization movement that took place during the reign of the Umayyad Dynasty, with a primary focus on the rule of Caliph Abdul Malik ibn Marwan (41–132 AH / 661–750 CE). The objective is to describe the process and policies of Arabization implemented during this period, as well as its impact on Islamic civilization. This research employs a library research method to analyze sources such as historical books, scholarly articles, and ancient manuscripts, which are then processed using a content analysis approach.

Based on the data analysis conducted, it can be concluded that the Arabization that occurred during the Umayyad Dynasty (41–132 AH / 661–750 CE) was the first comprehensive Arabization effort implemented across all conquered territories. The study reveals that language processing was a key aspect of Arabization, including the use of Arabic as the administrative language and the inscription of Arabic on coinage as a symbol of sovereignty. Although some regions continued to use their local languages, the Arabization policy was largely considered successful.

The Arabization movement was executed through specific policies aimed at linguistic and cultural integration. This movement had significant sociocultural impacts on the groups involved, leading to both preferential treatment and discrimination by local communities and ruling officials. Eventually, the Umayyad Dynasty collapsed and was succeeded by the Abbasid Dynasty, which continued to uphold the Arabization policies.

Cultural Da'wah of Sunan Kalijaga: Wayang as a Medium of Acculturation Between Local Culture and Global Islamic Values

Isfina Muzayyana Kamilah — 2025-07-08

Acculturation in the development of cultural and Islamic values often encounters tensions that may lead to conflict. This study explores the cultural da'wah method of Sunan Kalijaga through wayang (traditional shadow puppetry) as a medium for bridging Javanese local culture and Islamic values. It further examines the integration of John Fiske’s cultural theory with the symbolic meanings embedded in wayang performances, and assesses the influence of wayang as a tool of acculturation in shaping the cultural identity of the Javanese people.

Using a descriptive-qualitative method based on library research, the study draws on primary sources related to wayang, as well as secondary sources such as scholarly articles and literature on Sunan Kalijaga’s cultural strategies and Islamic-themed cultural expressions. The analysis employs John Fiske’s three-tiered cultural framework—reality, representation, and ideology—to interpret the signs and meanings within the wayang medium in relation to Islamic values.

The findings reveal that Sunan Kalijaga’s use of wayang as a cultural da'wah instrument enabled the harmonious integration of Islamic teachings with Javanese traditions. This strategy proved effective and widely accepted, particularly among Muslim communities in Java, thereby contributing to the formation of a unique cultural-religious identity in the region.

Historical and Social Factors in the Diversity of Arabic Literary Works

Muhammad Hasbi Ash Siddieqy — 2025-07-08

This article aims to examine the historical and social factors that influence the diversity of Arabic literary works. Arabic literature, which spans a long period from the pre-Islamic era to the contemporary period, displays a rich variety in genres, themes, and linguistic styles. This study explores how historical conditions have shaped and influenced the development of Arabic literature. The method used is literature research, by collecting and analyzing sources relevant to the topic. Research findings from various literary theory books, journal articles, and cultural studies show that the diversity of literary works is greatly influenced by the historical and social contexts in which the works were produced. This influence can be observed in various aspects of literature, such as themes, language style, characters, settings, and narrative forms that reflect different periods and regions.

The Origins of the Arabic Language: From Silence to Speech, Tracing the Earliest Origins of Human Language

Annisa Rahma Fitria — 2025-06-30

Arabic is one of the Semitic languages that has developed over thousands of years. Arabic emerged as an independent language because early Semitic language speakers migrated and formed their own language and nation. The interaction between Arabic and local languages led to the formation of the original Arabic language with various dialects. Arabic has been able to grow and develop independently due to many factors, one of which is social interaction and the intermingling of different nations. Arabic is one of the most widely used languages in the world, making it important to understand its history. The origin of human language has long been a mystery that fascinates scholars from various disciplines, including linguistics, anthropology, archaeology, and genetics. This article aims to explain the origins of the Arabic language based on existing theories. The method used in this research is a library study, which involves reading relevant literature. The study results indicate that Arabic comes from the Semitic language family (which includes Hebrew, Aramaic, and Akkadian). The early development of Arabic took place in the Arabian Peninsula, where it was initially used by nomadic tribes in the region. The influence of the Qur'an became a primary reference in the development of Arabic grammar and vocabulary.

The Legacy of Islamic Civilization During the Reign of Caliph Harun al-Rashid

Moch. Farrell Ardiansyah — 2025-06-30

This study aims to examine Islamic civilization during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid (170–193 AH / 786–809 CE). The main focus of the research is to understand the developments in education, politics, society, economy, and culture that took place during Harun al-Rashid's reign, as well as their influence on the advancement of Islamic civilization. The research employs a library research method, using historical books, journal articles, and relevant documents, with content analysis as the approach.

The findings of this study indicate that the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid was a pivotal period in the development of Islamic civilization. In the field of education, Harun al-Rashid successfully established the "Bayt al-Hikmah" (House of Wisdom), which became an iconic symbol of the Islamic Golden Age during the Abbasid period. This library not only symbolized civilization but also became a center of enlightenment for the Islamic world and influenced Western civilization. It served as a hub for the translation and transcription of intellectual works from countries such as Persia and ancient Greece.

This demonstrates that Harun al-Rashid’s educational initiatives were successful in advancing Islamic knowledge. Furthermore, the progress in scientific understanding contributed to significant economic growth during his time. This study is important to explore, as it reveals the remarkable intellectual vision of the great Caliph Harun al-Rashid.

The Story of Prophet Adam and the Creation of Humanity: An Analysis of Human Origins

Muhammad Adam Ubaidillah — 2025-07-10

This study aims to analyze the story of Prophet Adam as the first human from an Islamic perspective and to examine the origins of humanity through both theological and scientific approaches. The main focus of this research is to understand the narrative of Prophet Adam in the Qur’an and the concept of human creation in religion and science, particularly regarding Adam’s role, while comparing it to the theory of evolution and uncovering the meaning of life’s purpose from a Qur’anic perspective.

The method used is a qualitative study with a library research approach, involving the analysis of religious texts and relevant academic sources using content analysis. The findings reveal that the Islamic narrative of human creation contains not only spiritual and moral values but also implies complex existential dimensions. On the other hand, modern science provides an evidence-based explanatory framework that emphasizes the biological processes involved in human evolution.

This study finds that despite the paradigm differences between religion and science, both can be positioned in a dialogical relationship in the effort to understand the origins of humanity holistically. In conclusion, the integration of theological and scientific approaches can enrich discourse on human existence and open pathways for interdisciplinary knowledge synthesis.

The Leadership of Sultan Barquq and the Development of the Burji Mamluk Dynasty in Egypt (1382–1517 CE)

Shofiyya Mawaddah — 2025-06-30

This study aims to examine the leadership of Sultan Barquq and the development of the Burji Mamluk Dynasty in Egypt (1382–1517 CE). The main focus of this research is to understand the aspects of leadership, dynastic development, and the challenges faced during that period. A qualitative historical method was used, with a library research approach involving journal articles, history books, and related documents.

The findings show that during Sultan Barquq’s reign, he successfully seized power by overthrowing Sultan Hajji of the Bahri Mamluk Dynasty in 1382 CE and officially became sultan in 1389 CE. He consolidated his power by placing family members in key positions and strengthening the military. Under Sultan Barquq's leadership, the Burji Mamluk Dynasty experienced significant progress in maintaining Egypt’s stability against external threats, preserving its strategic position along regional trade routes, and strengthening its rule through political consolidation and military enhancement. The Burji Mamluks successfully repelled attacks from Timur Lenk’s forces, the Mongols, and Crusaders in the Mediterranean. However, the dynasty ultimately fell to the Ottoman Turks due to internal instability caused by frequent changes of sultans and conflicts among the amirs, which weakened the Burji Mamluk Dynasty.

The Impact of the Fall of Constantinople

Muhammad Aqil Kamil — 2025-06-30

This research article examines the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman dynasty in 1453 AD which marked the end of the Byzantine Empire which was then led by Constantinople IX Palaiologos Dragas and became the beginning of the Ottoman Dynasty’s rule in the Mediterranean peninsula. This study analyzes the impacts of the fall of Constantinople in several aspects. The research method in this study uses a qualitative method, namely by reading contemporary history books, historical chronicles, and relevant historical journal and by taking a historical approach. The theoretical framework in this discussion uses the theory of a historian named Steven Runciman. By using Steven Runciman’s perspective on the discussion of “The Fall of Constantinople in the Hands of the Ottoman Dynasty”, this study aims to provide a detailed understanding of the event and its short-term and long-term impacts on the development of world history. The fundamental and crucial implications of this study state that the turmoil of political, social, economic and cultural dynamics experienced significant changes, scholars in particular provided an intake of ancient Greek literacy that was carried away after the conquest of European society, so that educated people who initially constrained by the backwardness of logical knowledge by religious doctrine educated and became a turning point in the evolution of civilization. So that they are very advanced and dominate in other aspects such as politics, economics, and the military in the future which also have an impact on crucial tragedies in several corner of the world such as colonization, the great revolution of several European countries, and the practice of ideology that spread.

The Nuance of Divine Romanticism in Religious Discourse: A Transitivity Approach to the Al-Qur’an Translation in Local Languages

Darsita Suparno — 2025-07-11

This study aims to examine God’s romantic communication with His servants in the translation of the Qur’an into Palembang and Osing Javanese using Systemic Functional Linguistics. This research highlights the ideational function (representation of divine love), interpersonal function (the God-servant relationship in language), and textual function (cohesion and coherence in constructing divine romanticism). This study employs a qualitative method based on the transitivity system in SFL, analyzing material, mental and relational processes in both translations. The finding reveal that the Palembang translation predominantly employs mental and relational processes, portraying God as a compassionate and paternalistic figure. Meanwhile, the Osing Javanese translation emphasizes material and existential processes, constructing a more expressive romantic relationship. From an interpersonal perspective, modality and mood system analysis demonstrates that both translations construct a close God-servant relationship, albeit with different expressions of divine love. This study contributes to SFL-based translation studies in religious discourse and enriches the understanding of ecotheology, particularly in divine love, human harmony, and religious values are expresses through linguistics structure in divine communication. The findings serve as reference for the development of more communicative and contextually relevant Qur’anic translations, while also fostering awareness of spiritual and ecological interconnectedness.

Khadijah bint Khuwaylid: Sacrifice in the Religion of Islam

Linta Rahma Nafila — 2025-06-30

This study explores the story of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid and her sacrifices in the spread of Islam, as narrated in Hadith and indirectly referenced in the Qur’an. It serves as both a historical and theological reflection on the rise of Islamic teachings. Khadijah, the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad, holds a prominent place in Islamic history. However, the depth and scope of her sacrifices, and their specific contributions to the spread of Islam, warrant deeper examination. This paper aims to analyze the impact of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid’s sacrifices on the development of Islam during the early period of prophethood. The study employs a library research method, drawing on various credible sources.

The findings are expected to reveal that Khadijah’s unwavering financial, moral, and emotional support for the Prophet Muhammad played a crucial role in the early propagation of Islam. Her support helped strengthen the Prophet’s position, overcome the challenges of da'wah, and lay a solid foundation for the first Muslim community.

The study adopts a qualitative descriptive method using thematic exegesis and historical analysis. The primary sources are the Qur’an and Hadith, particularly verses that relate indirectly to the story of Khadijah—such as those found in Surah Al-Ahzab and Surah Al-Hajj—supported by classical and contemporary exegesis and Hadith literature.

This research is expected not only to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the magnitude of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid’s sacrifices in supporting the early Islamic mission, but also to inspire today’s Muslim generations to emulate her steadfast faith, selfless sacrifice, and sincere moral support in upholding Islamic values. The findings are hoped to enrich Islamic scholarship, particularly in recognizing the vital role of women in the historical development of the religion.

19th-Century Blambangan Society: The Dynamics of Religion and Culture in the Perspective of Islamic Historiography

Abdur Rahman — 2025-06-30

The culture of Blambangan in the 19th century was shaped by interactions between Islam, local Hindu traditions, and the identity of the local community. As the last kingdom in East Java to uphold Hinduism following the fall of Majapahit, Blambangan—now more widely known as Banyuwangi—underwent sociocultural transformation due to the rise of Islam, which adapted harmoniously to local traditions. Islam entered the region through trade and preaching methods that accommodated indigenous customs.

The 19th century marked a period of peace after conflicts between Blambangan and the Dutch East India Company (VOC). Although the armed struggles with the VOC and the Mataram Kingdom had ended, the Blambangan people developed the Osing culture as both a form of resistance and a cultural identity that preserved Hindu roots while integrating Islamic elements. This cultural blend of Islam and Hinduism gave rise to a developing society and a new social structure, which was formally recognized by the colonial government.

In addition, the socio-political dynamics of the previous century—such as Wong Agung Wilis’s resistance against the VOC—also played a role in shaping the identity and consciousness of the Blambangan people. This study highlights the dynamic interaction between Islam and local culture, resulting in a unique and harmonious local identity in the 19th century amid broader social and political changes. This historical approach offers a deeper understanding of the process of religious and cultural acculturation, which contributed to the diversity and cultural richness of Blambangan.

The Role of Sayyidah Aisyah in the Dissemination of Hadith

Elda Karina — 2025-07-11

This study aims to examine the role of Sayyidah Aisyah (R.A.) in the dissemination of hadith among the Muslim community. The primary focus of the research is to understand Aisyah’s contributions as one of the main transmitters of the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), as well as her role as a teacher to the Prophet’s companions and the succeeding generations.

The method used in this study is library research, collecting data from various sources such as historical books, scholarly articles, and related documents. The findings show that Sayyidah Aisyah played a crucial role in spreading religious knowledge, particularly hadith. Key findings include Aisyah’s ability to explain Islamic teachings and issue legal rulings (fatwas), making her an important reference for the Muslim community.

Moreover, Aisyah was actively involved in educating the Prophet’s companions and subsequent generations, many of whom studied directly under her guidance. Her contributions extended beyond her lifetime, continuing to influence the development of hadith sciences and Islamic understanding within the Muslim world up to the present day.

This research affirms that Sayyidah Aisyah’s role in the transmission of hadith is highly significant, and her impact is still evident in contemporary Islamic scholarship. Thus, Aisyah was not merely the wife of the Prophet, but also a key figure in the history of Islamic teaching and dissemination.

A Historical Review of Ronggo Prawirodirjo III's Rebellion Against Dutch Colonialism in 1810 AD: A Critical Examination of Its Failure and Influence

Restu Dimas Prasetya — 2025-06-30

This study, explained about rebellion of Ronggo Prawirodirjo III , Regent Of Madiun to Dutch Colonialist at 1810 AD. This study focuss at this rebel s failed factor and his influence to next historical moment. At this study, method that used is research historical method by Louis Gottschalk. From this study, we can know Ronggo Prawirodirjo III rebel to Dutch Colonialist at 1810 AD, and he failed because several factor, such as mess strategy and his power don’t match with Dutch Colonialist Power,. After this rebellion, Javanese Kingdom weakened and Europeans influence strengthen at Java.And his rebellion have big influence to next historical moment, War Of Java at 1825-1830 AD. At this war, Ronggo s son, Sentot became one Diponegoro s best commander and Diponegoro make Ronggo as his role model and inspiration.. Ronggo s rebellion, is rebellion that failed but have big influence at next Historical Moment.

Muhammad Al-Fatih’s Leadership Strategy in the Conquest of Constantinople and the Prophetic Dream Foretold by the Prophet

Eka Rizky Hakim — 2025-06-30

This study aims to examine Muhammad Al-Fatih’s leadership in the conquest of Constantinople, a city whose fall enabled centuries of Ottoman dominance in both Asia and Europe. It also seeks to understand the key factors behind his success, which stemmed from his praiseworthy character traits—commitment, bravery, intelligence, discipline, sincerity, knowledge, and strong determination—based on sources from Islamic historical literature. The research uses a library research methodology, with data drawn from various secondary sources including journals, historical articles, and theses. A descriptive analysis is employed to explore Muhammad Al-Fatih’s life journey from childhood to his rise as Sultan and his eventual conquest of Constantinople in accordance with the Prophet Muhammad’s teachings. A qualitative analysis is also used to interpret the religious, strategic, and leadership factors involved during his reign. The findings show that Muhammad Al-Fatih excelled not only in military strategy and leadership but also held firmly to a strong religious vision and mission, which enabled him to fulfill the prophetic dream (or prophecy) of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) regarding the conquest of Constantinople. In conclusion, his success was not merely the result of physical strength but was also supported by deep faith and exceptional strategic leadership abilities.

Food and Culture in Karuna Riazi’s The Gauntlet (2017)

Sufi Ikrima Sa'adah — 2025-06-30

Karuna Riazi’s The Gauntlet (2017) falls under the middle-grade fantasy genre. This novel narrates the adventure of Farah Mirza, together with her friends, to save her little brother and other children who are trapped in a mechanical board game called The Gauntlet of Blood and Sand. The fast-paced narrative adds its appeal with a rich portrayal of food in a South Asian Muslim culture. This study, then, examines how the culinary elements in the story serve as the markers that connect the protagonist, Farah Mirza, to her cultural identity. Employing a qualitative textual analysis, this research collects the data from any depiction of food and the situation in which the food is served. The data analysis identifies food depictions related to family gatherings, tea time, and breakfast. The analysis reveals that these food scenes reflect cultural values such as hospitality, resilience, and familial warmth. These findings suggest that Riazi’s portrayal of food emphasizes Farah’s Muslim identity while fostering intercultural appreciation.

Ada Lamarr’s Character Development in Beth Revis’s Full Speed to a Crash Landing

Ramadhina Ulfa Nuristama — 2025-07-31

This article aims to examine the character development of the main character, Ada Lamarr, in Full Speed to a Crash Landing by Beth Revis. The focus of this study is on the changes in the characteristics of the main character, which are identified in the attitudes, behaviors, and traits of the main character. This study uses a qualitative research method. The New Criticism theory is applied to examine the characters, characterizations, and character development. Data were taken from the novel through a close reading process, then identifying the initial and final characteristics of Ada Lamarr depicted in the novel. The collected data are analyzed using the theory, and a conclusion is made. The results of the analysis show that Ada Lamarr experienced changes in her characteristics on her journey to complete her space mission. Initially, Ada is depicted as a tough and independent figure. Still, realizing the many dangers and obstacles in completing her mission, Ada becomes more tolerant and cooperates with others. This is inseparable from her mission, which is very close to danger. This character development certainly helps strengthen the theme in the novel that, in completing a dangerous mission, the main character must adapt to other characters so that the mission can be accomplished.

Mallele Boyang Tradition and Mandar Culinary Heritage: Between Space, Taste, and Relations

Guntur Sekti Wijaya — 2025-06-30

This study examines the short story Rumah Batu Kakek Songkok by Lina Pratica Wijaya using the theory of literary anthropology with a focus on the cultural setting of the Mandar ethnic group in West Sulawesi. The story portrays the everyday life of the Mandar people through the depiction of Mallele Boyang, a traditional communal practice of relocating a resident’s house to a new location involving the collective effort of many men from the community. This tradition is not merely a physical activity but also a manifestation of deeply rooted values of togetherness, solidarity, and kinship. Furthermore, the short story highlights the richness of traditional Mandar cuisine such as loka yanno (Mandar-style fried banana) and mung bean porridge which are shared with the community as a gesture of gratitude after the completion of the Mallele Boyang ritual. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the cultural elements embedded in the literary text and interpret their meaning within the social context of Mandar society. The theory of literary anthropology serves as a bridge to understand the relationship between cultural representation in the text and the lived experiences of the indigenous community. The hypothesis proposed in this study is that Rumah Batu Kakek Songkok functions not only as a reflection of the local life and cultural values of the Mandar people but also as a cultural critique of the erosion of communal practices in modern society due to the rise of individualism. As such, this literary work becomes a vital medium for preserving traditional cultural values and reinforcing ethnic identity in contemporary Indonesian literature.

Bridging Literature and Technology: The Strategic Role of Digital Humanities in Humanities Studies

Haris Shofiyuddin — 2025-06-30

The integration of digital humanities into literary studies emerged as a strategic response to changes in the landscape of access, analysis, and dissemination of information in the digital era. Digital humanities, as an interdisciplinary field that combines computational tools with humanistic studies, offers new methodologies in interpreting literary texts and preserving cultural heritage. This paper discusses the transformative role of digital humanities in strengthening literary studies through digital text analysis, corpus-based studies, data visualization, and the development of digital platforms for literary archives. By utilizing technology, researchers can uncover patterns, themes, and structures in texts that may not be accessible through traditional methods. In addition, digital humanities also encourage digital literacy, critical thinking, and mastery of technology among academics and students, thus creating an adaptive and future-ready academic culture. The application of digital humanities in literary studies also requires a critical and ethical approach to data interpretation, interdisciplinary collaboration, and awareness of the socio-cultural implications of the digitalization process. This study emphasizes the importance of active involvement of humanities scholars in the use and development of digital tools, not just as users, but as creators of knowledge. Ultimately, digital humanities become a bridge connecting literature and technology and reopens new possibilities in 21st-century literary analysis.

Rest as a Bodily Right: A Mubādalah Analysis of Manbaus Sa‘adah by Faqihuddin Abdul Qadir

Lutfiyah Alindah — 2025-07-31

This study examines the concept of the body’s right to rest from a gender-just Islamic perspective
through a mubādalah reading of Manbaus Sa‘adah by Faqihuddin Abdul Qadir. Using a
qualitative library research method, the analysis focuses on the Qur’an, hadith, classical
scholarly views, and feminist Islamic theories by figures such as Amina Wadud and Asma
Barlas. The findings reveal that rest is recognized as a divine blessing and a basic human need
equally for men and women, grounded in the maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah principles of ḥifẓ al-nafs
(protection of life) and ḥifẓ al-‘aql (protection of intellect). Manbaus Sa‘adah offers a counternarrative to patriarchal interpretations by framing rest not as a luxury but as a right to be
respected, facilitated, and shared equitably within the household. This study contributes to
inclusive Islamic discourse and has practical implications for promoting gender-equitable
domestic practices that humanize women in both private and public spaces.

Religiosity in the Novel Mamo-Zein by Said Ramadhan Al Bouthy

Himmatul Khoiroh — 2025-06-30

This study aims to describe the value of religiosity in the novel Mamo-Zein by Said Ramadhan Al Bouthy, because it uses Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotic Theory. Using a qualitative method, the results of this study found seven (7) religiosity values contained in the novel Mamo-Zein by Said Ramadhan Al Bouthy, namely: 1) Recognition of God's greatness; 2) Awareness that violence is not the only way to solve problems; 3) Awareness that God is the best Place to ask and rely on; 4) Prayer is a source of strength for Muslims; 5) Happiness in destiny; 6) Strong faith gives peace to life; 7) Death is the way of encounter with God.

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Islamic Literature on Social Media: Changes in Style, Meaning, and Function

Contemplating the Majesty of Lailatul Qadr Through the Stylistic Patterns of Surah Al-Qadr

The Advancement of Civilization and the Causes of the Destruction of the People of Thamud in the Qur’an

An Analysis of Communication Approach in Millie Bobby Brown and Maisa Silva’s UNICEF Interview on Young Women’s Rights

اللغة العربية: تحليل لغوي نقدي لتعريفات اللغويين العرب

Dresmo Village: Local Traditions and the Influence of Islam

The Social Media Da’wah and Language Use: A Comparative Study of Indonesian Islamic Figures

1001 Nights of Wonder in the Era of Harun al-Rashid (786–809)

The Figure of Maryam in the Narrative of Revelation: A Historical and Cultural Study of the Role of Women in Global Islamic Civilization

The Changes in English in the Early Modern Period and the Impact of Printing Technology on the Spread of the Language

Sufistic Literature from Pesantren

Military Leadership of Khalid bin Walid in the Battle of Mu’tah

The Wounded Voice: Forms of Oppression Against Women in the Film Tuhan, Izinkan Aku Berdosa

From Beowulf to Canterbury Tales: The Evolution of Literary Genres from Old To Middle English

The Role of Arabic In the Formation of Islamic Cultural and Scientific Identity

Tughril Beg: Architect of Seljuk Power in the Middle East

The Birth of English: Exploring the Characteristics of Old English and the role of Anglo-Saxon in its Evolution

Stylistic Analysis of Ayat al-Kursi (QS. Al-Baqarah: 255): A Study of Stylistic Elements and Their Meanings

The Political and Military Strategy of Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi in the Crusades: A Historical Analysis

The Impact of Colonializm on the Spread of English in Modern India

Aufi Saskia Hanny Hidayat, Muhammad Syahrul Aziz, Muhammad Ulin Nuha Al Kayyis

The Importance of the Linguistic Classical Arabic Grammar

The Moral and Social Concepts of Sunan Drajat in the Spread of Islam: A Historical Study of the Teachings of Pepali Pitu

The Secrets of Classical Arabic

Exploring Kartini's Thought: Inspiring Social Change in the Colonial Era

Analysis of Linguistic Development in the Arab World and the West

The Role of KH. Mukmin in the Spread of Islam in Gedangan, Sidoarjo in 1904

English as a Global Language: Its Influence on Technology and Culture