Studi Kasus Intoleransi dan Diskriminasi pada Masa Kekuasaan Dinasti Umayyah 660-750 M: Kajian Sosio-Historis

Abstract

The period of the Umayyad Dynasty’s rule from 660-750 AD was a very important era in Islamic history. It was the first time a dynastic form of governance was established in Islam. Furthermore, it can also be considered the peak of Islamic expansion. However, during this period, several cases of discrimination and intolerance against non-Muslims and non-Arabs also occurred. This study aims to examine cases of discrimination and intolerance towards non-Muslims and non-Arabs during the Umayyad rule, as an evaluation for us as Muslims today to prioritize tolerance (Tasamuh) towards fellow human beings, regardless of their religion, in order to realize a more harmonious life. This research uses historical research methods. From the primary and secondary sources we studied, we obtained the following results. 1) Acts of intolerance occurred during several military expeditions of the Umayyad Dynasty forces, such as the destruction of places of worship of other religions and intolerance against non-Muslims in political policies. 2) Reforms to address this were undertaken by Caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz, who ruled from 717-720 AD; however, the short duration of Umar bin Abdul Aziz's rule caused these efforts to be halted in subsequent times. 3) Discrimination against non-Arabs during the late Umayyad Dynasty ultimately backfired, contributing to the collapse of the Umayyad Dynasty in 750 AD.