The Contribution of Taqi al-Din bin Muhammad bin Ma'ruf to the Development Of Falak in Turkey During the Ottoman Dynasty

Abstract

This article examines Taqi al-Din's contribution to the development of Falak Science in Turkey during the Ottoman Turkish Dynasty. Taqi al-Din was a famous astronomer in the 16th century who had an essential role in developing Falak science in Turkey at that time. The research method used is historical and literary analysis. The results showed that Taqi al-Din played an essential role in improving astronomical instruments in Turkey that he considered obsolete, such as the Quadrant (Rubu' Mujayyab), Sekstan, Astrolabe, Sundial, and Water Clock. Taqi al-Din replaced these tools with mechanical clocks. In addition, he also initiated the construction of the first observatory in the Ottoman Turkish Dynasty (Istanbul Observatory), which was used to determine prayer times and observe the movement of celestial bodies. The results of these observations were recorded in the form of tables and had the highest accuracy value at that time. In addition, Taqi al-Din also contributed to the Hijri calendar by compiling Zij-i Sidrat al-Muntaha and Zij-i Khidrat ad-Durar wa Jariyat al-Fikar to replace Ulugh Beik's inaccurate Zij Sultani.