Grit, Personality, And Job Burnout Among Indonesian Nurses
Keywords:
Grit, burnout, personality, perawat
Abstract
It is evident that health workers, particularly nurses, are more susceptible to burnout. This study aims to determine the relationship between Grit and burnout and the function of extroverted personality types in nurses as moderators. The measuring instruments used in this study were the Burnout, Grit scale, and Eysenck personality questionnaire The sample of this study amounted to 130 respondents with a simple random sample collection technique. The respondent was an inpatient nurse at one of the teaching hospitals in Gresik with the criteria for a bachelor's and a diploma in nursing Ners. Quantitative analysis in this study uses moderated regression analysis method for hypothesis testing. The results showed that the first hypothesis was accepted (sig<0.05) that there was a negative relationship between Grit and Job Burnout in nurses. The higher the grit of the individual, the lower the burnout. The results of the analysis also showed that the second hypothesis was rejected (sig>0.05). The extroverted personality type possessed by nurses does not moderate the relationship of grit with job burnout, but the extroverted personality type can be used as a predictor variable of the burnout experience.
References
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Ananda, D. M., Handiwibowo, G. A., & Baihaqi, I. (2023). Analysis of the Effect of Personal Characteristics and External Factors on Grit in Business Partners at PT Melia Sehat Sejahtera, East Java Branch. International Journal of Business and Management Technology in Society, 1(1), 1–13.
Angelini, G. (2023). Big five model personality traits and job burnout: a systematic literature review. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 1–35.
Archer, A. (2020). The Experience of Burnout in Counselling Psychology Trainees: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. University of East London.
Arif, S. C., & Wijono, S. (2022). Self-Efficacy and Burnout in Nurses of the Kanjeng Raden Mas Tumenggung Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Wongsonegoro Semarang during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(1), 258–266.
Atia, Y. S. D., & Soetjiningsih, C. H. (2020). Burnout and its relationship with introverted personality types. Psycho Idea, 18(1), 8–15.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328.
Bakker, A. B., Xanthopoulou, D., & Demerouti, E. (2023). How does chronic burnout affect dealing with weekly job demands? A test of central propositions in JD‐R and COR‐theories. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 389–410.
Brateanu, A., Switzer, B., Scott, S. C., Ramsey, J., Thomascik, J., Nowacki, A. S., & Colbert, C. Y. (2020). Higher grit scores associated with less burnout in a cohort of internal medicine residents. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 360(4), 357–362.
Butz, N. T., Hanson, S., Schultz, P. L., & Warzynski, M. M. (2018). Beyond the Big Five: does grit influence the entrepreneurial intent of university students in the US? Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8, 1–16.
Canu, I. G., Marca, S. C., Dell'Oro, F., Balázs, A., Bergamaschi, E., Besse, C., Bianchi, R., Bislimovska, J., Bjelajac, A. K., & Bugge, M. (2021). Harmonized definition of occupational burnout: A systematic review, semantic analysis, and Delphi consensus in 29 countries. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 47(2), 95.
Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P., & O'Driscoll, M. P. (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications.
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621–656.
Corey, M., & Corey, G. (2010). Becoming a helper. Nelson Education.
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Costa, V., Monteiro, S., Cunha, A. I., Pereira, H., & Esgalhado, G. (2024). Job stress and burnout among prison staff: a systematic literature review. Journal of Criminal Psychology.
Dehkordi, M. K. (2023). Exploring Grit and Big Five Personality as Predictors of Foreign Language Achievement. Applied Linguistics Inquiry, 1(1), 142–170.
Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance (Vol. 234). Scribner New York.
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087.
Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Tsukayama, E. (2021). Revisiting the factor structure of grit: A commentary on Duckworth and Quinn (2009). Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(5), 573–575.
Edú-Valsania, S., Laguía, A., & Moriano, J. A. (2022). Burnout: A review of theory and measurement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1780.
Ewen, C., Jenkins, H., Jackson, C., Jutley-Neilson, J., & Galvin, J. (2021). Well-being, job satisfaction, stress and burnout in speech-language pathologists: A review. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 23(2), 180–190.
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Ezdha, A. U. A., & Hamid, A. (2020). Analysis of the Relationship between Burnout and Workload of Nurses at Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital. Saelmakers Health Journal PERDANA, 3(2), 301–308.
Farayani, N., Noviekayati, I., & Ananta, A. (2022). Extroverted personality in early adulthood: Testing consumptive behavior of online shopping in e-commerce. INNER: Journal of Psychological Research, 2(3), 240–246.
Fessell, D., & Cherniss, C. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and beyond: micropractices for burnout prevention and emotional wellness. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 17(6), 746–748.
Fuady, S., Dewi, P., & Susanti, I. H. (2022). Analysis of Factors Affecting Burnout in Nurses: A Literature Study. Journal of Scientific Horizons, 2(4), 1313–1320.
Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., Meimeti, E., & Kaitelidou, D. (2023). Increased job burnout and reduced job satisfaction for nurses compared to other healthcare workers after the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Reports, 13(3), 1090–1100.
Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(8), 3286–3302.
Gamel, M. (2014). Impact of character development and empowerment program on grit and resilience growth in early and middle adolescents.
Ghorpade, J., Lackritz, J., & Singh, G. (2007). Burnout and personality: Evidence from academia. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(2), 240–256.
Halliday, L., Walker, A., Vig, S., Hines, J., & Brecknell, J. (2017). Grit and burnout in UK doctors: a cross-sectional study across specialties and stages of training. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 93(1101), 389–394.
Harizanova, S., Stoyanova, R., & Mateva, N. (2018). Do personality characteristics constitute the profile of burnout-prone correctional officers? Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(10), 1912.
Houston, J. M., Luchner, A., Davidson, A. J., Gonzalez, J., Steigerwald, N., & Leftwich, C. (2021). The bright and dark aspects of grit in the pursuit of success. Psychological Reports, 124(2), 839–861.
Ibtissam, S., Hala, S., Sanaa, S., Hussein, A., & Nabil, D. (2012). Burnout among Lebanese nurses: Psychometric properties of the Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey (MBI-HSS). Health, 2012.
Inchausti, F., Garcia-Poveda, N. V, Prado-Abril, J., & Sanchez-Reales, S. (2020). Clinical psychology before the pandemic COVID-19 in Spain. In Clínica y Salud (Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp. 105–107). COLEGIO OFICIAL PSICOLOGOS MADRID C/CUESTA SAN VICENTE, NO 4, 6 PLANTA ....
Jackson, S. E., & Maslach, C. (1982). After‐effects of job‐related stress: Families as victims. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 63–77.
Jordan, S. L., Wihler, A., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2019). The roles of grit in human resources theory and research. In Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 37, pp. 53–88). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Friday, M. R., Chow, P. K.-H., Allen, J. C., Lai, S. H., Hwang, N.-C., Iqbal, J., Mok, M. U. S., Rapisarda, A., Velkey, J. M., & Engle, D. L. (2020). Grit protects medical students from burnout: A longitudinal study. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–9.
Kang, S., & Choi, E. (2022). Influence of grit on academic burnout, clinical practice burnout, and job‐seeking stress among nursing students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4).
Khodaverdian Dehkordi, M. (2023). Exploring Grit and Big Five Personality as Predictors of Foreign Language Achievement. Applied Linguistics Inquiry, 1(1), 142–170.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2016). Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burnout Research, 3(4), 89–100.
Lubbadeh, T. (2020). Job burnout: A general literature review. International Review of Management and Marketing, 10(3), 7.
Mäkikangas, A., Leiter, M. P., Kinnunen, U., & Feldt, T. (2021). Profiling development of burnout over eight years: Relation with job demands and resources. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(5), 720–731.
Maslach, C. (2001). What have we learned about burnout and health? Psychology & Health, 16(5), 607–611.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113.
Nurmawati, D., & Daeli, W. (2022). Workload Can Affect Burnout Syndrome in Nurses in the Inpatient Room of Hospital X Jakarta. Journal of Management Nursing, 1(3), 68–75.
Prestiana, N. D. I., & Purbandini, D. (2012). The relationship between self-efficacy and work stress with burnout in emergency room and ICU nurses of Bekasi City Hospital. SOUL: Journal of Psychological Thought and Research, 5(2), 1–14.
Puspita, A., & Kusumaputri, E. S. (2021). The Role of Grit on Burnout with Gender Differences in Civil Servants. Journal of Integrative Psychology, 9(2), 175–193.
Putra, A. C. M., & Muttaqin, D. (2020). The Relationship Between Social Support and Burnout in Nurses at Hospital X. Psychostudia: Journal of Psychology, 9(2), 82–83.
Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Marques, A. J., Da Silva, C. F., & Pereira, A. (2020). Burnout and stress measurement in police officers: Literature review and a study with the operational police stress questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 524470.
Safariningsih, R. T. H., Rizan, M., & Handaru, A. W. (2022). The Influence of Grit on Nurses' Job Burnout Decrease in Depok Secondary Hospitals. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 1(12), 1410–1416.
Schimschal, S. E., Visentin, D., Kornhaber, R., & Cleary, M. (2021). Grit: A concept analysis. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 42(5), 495–505.
Shakir, H. J., Cappuzzo, J. M., Shallwani, H., Kwasnicki, A., Bullis, C., Wang, J., Hess, R. M., & Levy, E. I. (2020). Relationship of grit and resilience to burnout among US neurosurgery residents. World Neurosurgery, 134, e224–e236.
Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in work organizations. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 25–48.
Wicaksono, H., & Dermawan, M. K. (2020). A tool to measure the level of radicalism based on personality assessments. Deviance, 4(1), 84–102.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121.
Xiong, H., Yi, S., & Lin, Y. (2020). The psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 57, 0046958020957114.
Ananda, D. M., Handiwibowo, G. A., & Baihaqi, I. (2023). Analysis of the Effect of Personal Characteristics and External Factors on Grit in Business Partners at PT Melia Sehat Sejahtera, East Java Branch. International Journal of Business and Management Technology in Society, 1(1), 1–13.
Angelini, G. (2023). Big five model personality traits and job burnout: a systematic literature review. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 1–35.
Archer, A. (2020). The Experience of Burnout in Counselling Psychology Trainees: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. University of East London.
Arif, S. C., & Wijono, S. (2022). Self-Efficacy and Burnout in Nurses of the Kanjeng Raden Mas Tumenggung Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Wongsonegoro Semarang during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(1), 258–266.
Atia, Y. S. D., & Soetjiningsih, C. H. (2020). Burnout and its relationship with introverted personality types. Psycho Idea, 18(1), 8–15.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands‐resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328.
Bakker, A. B., Xanthopoulou, D., & Demerouti, E. (2023). How does chronic burnout affect dealing with weekly job demands? A test of central propositions in JD‐R and COR‐theories. Applied Psychology, 72(1), 389–410.
Brateanu, A., Switzer, B., Scott, S. C., Ramsey, J., Thomascik, J., Nowacki, A. S., & Colbert, C. Y. (2020). Higher grit scores associated with less burnout in a cohort of internal medicine residents. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, 360(4), 357–362.
Butz, N. T., Hanson, S., Schultz, P. L., & Warzynski, M. M. (2018). Beyond the Big Five: does grit influence the entrepreneurial intent of university students in the US? Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 8, 1–16.
Canu, I. G., Marca, S. C., Dell'Oro, F., Balázs, A., Bergamaschi, E., Besse, C., Bianchi, R., Bislimovska, J., Bjelajac, A. K., & Bugge, M. (2021). Harmonized definition of occupational burnout: A systematic review, semantic analysis, and Delphi consensus in 29 countries. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 47(2), 95.
Cooper, C. L., Dewe, P., & O'Driscoll, M. P. (2001). Organizational stress: A review and critique of theory, research, and applications.
Cordes, C. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1993). A review and an integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 18(4), 621–656.
Corey, M., & Corey, G. (2010). Becoming a helper. Nelson Education.
Cormier, D. L., Ferguson, L. J., Gyurcsik, N. C., Briere, J. L., Dunn, J. G. H., & Kowalski, K. C. (2021). Grit in sport: A scoping review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1–38.
Costa, V., Monteiro, S., Cunha, A. I., Pereira, H., & Esgalhado, G. (2024). Job stress and burnout among prison staff: a systematic literature review. Journal of Criminal Psychology.
Dehkordi, M. K. (2023). Exploring Grit and Big Five Personality as Predictors of Foreign Language Achievement. Applied Linguistics Inquiry, 1(1), 142–170.
Duckworth, A. (2016). Grit: The power of passion and perseverance (Vol. 234). Scribner New York.
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087.
Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., & Tsukayama, E. (2021). Revisiting the factor structure of grit: A commentary on Duckworth and Quinn (2009). Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(5), 573–575.
Edú-Valsania, S., Laguía, A., & Moriano, J. A. (2022). Burnout: A review of theory and measurement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1780.
Ewen, C., Jenkins, H., Jackson, C., Jutley-Neilson, J., & Galvin, J. (2021). Well-being, job satisfaction, stress and burnout in speech-language pathologists: A review. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 23(2), 180–190.
Eysenck, H., & Wilson, G. (1976). Know your own personality.
Ezdha, A. U. A., & Hamid, A. (2020). Analysis of the Relationship between Burnout and Workload of Nurses at Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital. Saelmakers Health Journal PERDANA, 3(2), 301–308.
Farayani, N., Noviekayati, I., & Ananta, A. (2022). Extroverted personality in early adulthood: Testing consumptive behavior of online shopping in e-commerce. INNER: Journal of Psychological Research, 2(3), 240–246.
Fessell, D., & Cherniss, C. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and beyond: micropractices for burnout prevention and emotional wellness. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 17(6), 746–748.
Fuady, S., Dewi, P., & Susanti, I. H. (2022). Analysis of Factors Affecting Burnout in Nurses: A Literature Study. Journal of Scientific Horizons, 2(4), 1313–1320.
Galanis, P., Moisoglou, I., Katsiroumpa, A., Vraka, I., Siskou, O., Konstantakopoulou, O., Meimeti, E., & Kaitelidou, D. (2023). Increased job burnout and reduced job satisfaction for nurses compared to other healthcare workers after the COVID-19 pandemic. Nursing Reports, 13(3), 1090–1100.
Galanis, P., Vraka, I., Fragkou, D., Bilali, A., & Kaitelidou, D. (2021). Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 77(8), 3286–3302.
Gamel, M. (2014). Impact of character development and empowerment program on grit and resilience growth in early and middle adolescents.
Ghorpade, J., Lackritz, J., & Singh, G. (2007). Burnout and personality: Evidence from academia. Journal of Career Assessment, 15(2), 240–256.
Halliday, L., Walker, A., Vig, S., Hines, J., & Brecknell, J. (2017). Grit and burnout in UK doctors: a cross-sectional study across specialties and stages of training. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 93(1101), 389–394.
Harizanova, S., Stoyanova, R., & Mateva, N. (2018). Do personality characteristics constitute the profile of burnout-prone correctional officers? Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6(10), 1912.
Houston, J. M., Luchner, A., Davidson, A. J., Gonzalez, J., Steigerwald, N., & Leftwich, C. (2021). The bright and dark aspects of grit in the pursuit of success. Psychological Reports, 124(2), 839–861.
Ibtissam, S., Hala, S., Sanaa, S., Hussein, A., & Nabil, D. (2012). Burnout among Lebanese nurses: Psychometric properties of the Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey (MBI-HSS). Health, 2012.
Inchausti, F., Garcia-Poveda, N. V, Prado-Abril, J., & Sanchez-Reales, S. (2020). Clinical psychology before the pandemic COVID-19 in Spain. In Clínica y Salud (Vol. 31, Issue 2, pp. 105–107). COLEGIO OFICIAL PSICOLOGOS MADRID C/CUESTA SAN VICENTE, NO 4, 6 PLANTA ....
Jackson, S. E., & Maslach, C. (1982). After‐effects of job‐related stress: Families as victims. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 3(1), 63–77.
Jordan, S. L., Wihler, A., Hochwarter, W. A., & Ferris, G. R. (2019). The roles of grit in human resources theory and research. In Research in personnel and human resources management (Vol. 37, pp. 53–88). Emerald Publishing Limited.
Friday, M. R., Chow, P. K.-H., Allen, J. C., Lai, S. H., Hwang, N.-C., Iqbal, J., Mok, M. U. S., Rapisarda, A., Velkey, J. M., & Engle, D. L. (2020). Grit protects medical students from burnout: A longitudinal study. BMC Medical Education, 20(1), 1–9.
Kang, S., & Choi, E. (2022). Influence of grit on academic burnout, clinical practice burnout, and job‐seeking stress among nursing students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4).
Khodaverdian Dehkordi, M. (2023). Exploring Grit and Big Five Personality as Predictors of Foreign Language Achievement. Applied Linguistics Inquiry, 1(1), 142–170.
Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2016). Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burnout Research, 3(4), 89–100.
Lubbadeh, T. (2020). Job burnout: A general literature review. International Review of Management and Marketing, 10(3), 7.
Mäkikangas, A., Leiter, M. P., Kinnunen, U., & Feldt, T. (2021). Profiling development of burnout over eight years: Relation with job demands and resources. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30(5), 720–731.
Maslach, C. (2001). What have we learned about burnout and health? Psychology & Health, 16(5), 607–611.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113.
Nurmawati, D., & Daeli, W. (2022). Workload Can Affect Burnout Syndrome in Nurses in the Inpatient Room of Hospital X Jakarta. Journal of Management Nursing, 1(3), 68–75.
Prestiana, N. D. I., & Purbandini, D. (2012). The relationship between self-efficacy and work stress with burnout in emergency room and ICU nurses of Bekasi City Hospital. SOUL: Journal of Psychological Thought and Research, 5(2), 1–14.
Puspita, A., & Kusumaputri, E. S. (2021). The Role of Grit on Burnout with Gender Differences in Civil Servants. Journal of Integrative Psychology, 9(2), 175–193.
Putra, A. C. M., & Muttaqin, D. (2020). The Relationship Between Social Support and Burnout in Nurses at Hospital X. Psychostudia: Journal of Psychology, 9(2), 82–83.
Queirós, C., Passos, F., Bártolo, A., Marques, A. J., Da Silva, C. F., & Pereira, A. (2020). Burnout and stress measurement in police officers: Literature review and a study with the operational police stress questionnaire. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 524470.
Safariningsih, R. T. H., Rizan, M., & Handaru, A. W. (2022). The Influence of Grit on Nurses' Job Burnout Decrease in Depok Secondary Hospitals. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 1(12), 1410–1416.
Schimschal, S. E., Visentin, D., Kornhaber, R., & Cleary, M. (2021). Grit: A concept analysis. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 42(5), 495–505.
Shakir, H. J., Cappuzzo, J. M., Shallwani, H., Kwasnicki, A., Bullis, C., Wang, J., Hess, R. M., & Levy, E. I. (2020). Relationship of grit and resilience to burnout among US neurosurgery residents. World Neurosurgery, 134, e224–e236.
Shirom, A. (1989). Burnout in work organizations. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 25–48.
Wicaksono, H., & Dermawan, M. K. (2020). A tool to measure the level of radicalism based on personality assessments. Deviance, 4(1), 84–102.
Xanthopoulou, D., Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2007). The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management, 14(2), 121.
Xiong, H., Yi, S., & Lin, Y. (2020). The psychological status and self-efficacy of nurses during COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey. INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 57, 0046958020957114.
